WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
raise with a line; "trice a window shade" (同)trice up
hoist up or in and lash or secure with a small rope (同)trice up
any skeletal muscle having three origins (but especially the triceps brachii)

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
瞬間
(上腕の)三頭筋
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/07 06:47:30」(JST)

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The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for "three-headed muscle of the arm") is the large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (straightening of the arm).

Structure

The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. It extends distally anterior to the teres minor and posterior to the teres major.^[1]

Horizontal section of upper arm. Triceps muscle shown in green text

The medial head arises distally from the groove of the radial nerve; from the dorsal (back) surface of the humerus; from the medial intermuscular septum; and its distal part also arises from the lateral intermuscular septum. The medial head is mostly covered by the lateral and long heads, and is only visible distally on the humerus.^[1]

The lateral head arises from the dorsal surface of the humerus, lateral and proximal to the groove of the radial nerve, from the greater tubercle down to the region of the lateral intermuscular septum.^[1]

Each of the three fascicles has its own motorneuron subnucleus in the motor column in the spinal cord. The medial head is formed predominantly by small type I fibers and motor units, the lateral head of large type IIb fibers and motor units and the long head of a mixture of fiber types and motor units.^[2]^[3] It has been suggested that each fascicle "may be considered an independent muscle with specific functional roles."^[2]

The fibers converge to a single tendon to insert onto the olecranon process of the ulna (though some research indicates that there may be more than one tendon)^[4] and to the posterior wall of the capsule of the elbow joint where bursae (cushion sacks) are often found. Parts of the common tendon radiates into the fascia of the forearm and can almost cover the anconeus muscle.^[1]

Innervation

All three heads of the triceps brachii are classically believed to be innervated by the radial nerve.^[5] However, a study conducted in 2004 determined that, in 20 cadaveric specimens and 15 surgical dissections on participants, the long head was innervated by a branch of the axillary nerve in all cases.^[6]

Variation

A tendinous arch is frequently the origin of the long head and the tendon of latissimus dorsi. In rare cases, the long head can originate from the lateral margin of the scapula and from the capsule of the shoulder joint.^[1]

Function

The triceps is an extensor muscle of the elbow joint and an antagonist of the biceps and brachialis muscles. It can also fixate the elbow joint when the forearm and hand are used for fine movements, e.g., when writing. It has been suggested that the long head fascicle is employed when sustained force generation is demanded, or when there is a need for a synergistic control of the shoulder and elbow or both. The lateral head is used for movements requiring occasional high-intensity force, while the medial fascicle enables more precise, low-force movements.^[2]

With its origin on the scapula, the long head also acts on the shoulder joint and is also involved in retroversion and adduction of the arm.^[1]

Society and culture

Training

Triceps training

The triceps can be worked through either isolation or compound elbow extension movements and can contract statically to keep the arm straightened against resistance.

Isolation movements include cable push-downs, lying triceps extensions and arm extensions behind the back. Examples of compound elbow extension include pressing movements like the push up, bench press, close grip bench press (flat, incline or decline), military press and dips. A closer grip targets the triceps more than wider grip movements.

Static contraction movements include pullovers, straight-arm pulldowns and bent-over lateral raises, which are also used to build the deltoids and latissimus dorsi.

Clinical significance

The triceps reflex, elicited by hitting the triceps, is often used to test the function of the nerves of the arm. This tests spinal nerves C7 and C8.

History

Etymology

It is sometimes called a three-headed muscle (Latin literally three-headed, tri - three, and ceps, from kaput - head), because there are three bundles of muscles, each of different origins, joining together at the elbow. Though a similarly named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called the triceps.

Historically, the plural form of triceps was tricipites, a form not in general use today; instead, triceps is both singular and plural (i.e., when referring to both arms).

Animals

In the horse, 84%, 15%, and 3% of the total triceps muscle weight correspond to the long, lateral and medial heads, respectively.^[7]

Many mammals, such as dogs, cattle, and pigs, have a fourth head, the accessory head. It lies between the lateral and medial heads.^[2] In humans, the anconeus is sometimes loosely called "the fourth head of the triceps brachii".

Additional images

Position of triceps brachii (shown in red). Animation.
Animation. Close up.
  Long head.

  Lateral head.

  Medial head.
Still image. Anterior view.
Muscles on the dorsum of the scapula, and the Triceps brachii.
Triceps and biceps.
Left humerus. Posterior view.
The suprascapular, axillary and radial nerves.
Triceps brachii muscle (of newborn)
Long head triceps brachii muscle (shown in green text)
Triceps brachii muscle (shown in green text)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lucas-Osma, AM; Collazos-Castro, JE. (2009). "Compartmentalization in the triceps brachii motoneuron nucleus and its relation to muscle architecture". J Comp Neurol 516 (3): 226–39. doi:10.1002/cne.22123. PMID 19598170.
^ See the article "Skeletal striated muscle" for a discussion of type I and type II muscle fibers.
^ Nigel del a rosa die porte madretis (2006). "Surgical anatomy of the triceps brachii tendon: anatomical study and clinical correlation". Am J Sports Med 34 (11): 1839–43. doi:10.1177/0363546506288752. PMID 16735585.
^ Bekler H, Wolfe VM, Rosenwasser MP (2009). "A Cadaveric Study of Ulnar Nerve Innervation of the Medial Head of Triceps Brachii". Clin Orthop Relat Res 467 (1): 235–238. doi:10.1007/s11999-008-0535-6. PMC 2600974. PMID 18850256.
^ de Se`ze MP, Rezzouk J, de Se`ze M, Uzel M, Lavignolle B, Midy D, Durandeau A (2004). "Does the motor branch of the long head of the triceps brachii arise from the radial nerve?". Surg Radiol Anat 26 (6): 459–461. doi:10.1007/s00276-004-0253-z. PMID 15365769.
^ Watson, JC; Wilson, AM. (2007). "Muscle architecture of biceps brachii, triceps brachii and supraspinatus in the horse". J Anat. 210 (1): 32–40. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00669.x. PMC 2100266. PMID 17229281.

External links

Illustration: upper-body/triceps-brachii from The Department of Radiology at the University of Washington
751829070 at GPnotebook
Anatomy photo:06:11-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Photo at Ithaca College
Muscles/TricepsBrachii at exrx.net

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける肘関節損傷 elbow injuries in the child or adolescent athlete
2. 筋力低下の評価における筋力検査 muscle examination in the evaluation of weakness
3. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における呼吸筋のトレーニングおよび安静 respiratory muscle training and resting in copd
4. 筋力低下患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with muscle weakness
5. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびその他の運動ニューロン疾患の診断 diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other forms of motor neuron disease

English Journal

Differences in Muscle Activity During Cable Resistance Training Are Influenced by Variations in Handle Types.

Rendos NK1, Heredia Vargas HM, Alipio TC, Regis RC, Romero MA, Signorile JF.
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association.J Strength Cond Res.2016 Jul;30(7):2001-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001293.
Rendos, NK, Heredia Vargas, HM, Alipio, TC, Regis, RC, Romero, MA, and Signorile, JF. Differences in muscle activity during cable resistance training are influenced by variations in handle types. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 2001-2009, 2016-There has been a recent resurgence in the use of cable machin
PMID 26694502

Longer Interset Rest Periods Enhance Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men.

Schoenfeld BJ1, Pope ZK, Benik FM, Hester GM, Sellers J, Nooner JL, Schnaiter JA, Bond-Williams KE, Carter AS, Ross CL, Just BL, Henselmans M, Krieger JW.
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association.J Strength Cond Res.2016 Jul;30(7):1805-12. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001272.
Schoenfeld, BJ, Pope, ZK, Benik, FM, Hester, GM, Sellers, J, Nooner, JL, Schnaiter, JA, Bond-Williams, KE, Carter, AS, Ross, CL, Just, BL, Henselmans, M, and Krieger, JW. Longer interset rest periods enhance muscle strength and hypertrophy in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1805-1
PMID 26605807

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses by RNA-seq to Elucidate Differentially Expressed Genes in the Muscle of Korean Thoroughbred Horses.

Ghosh M1, Cho HW2, Park JW2, Choi JY2, Chung YH3, Sharma N4, Singh AK1, Kim NE1, Mongre RK1, Huynh D1, Jiao ZJ1, Do KT1, Lee HK5, Song KD5, Cho BW6, Jeong D7.
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.Appl Biochem Biotechnol.2016 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print]
The athletic abilities of the horse serve as a valuable model to understand the physiology and molecular mechanisms of adaptive responses to exercise. We analyzed differentially expressed genes in triceps brachii muscle tissues collected from Eonjena Taeyang and Jigusang Seryeok Thoroughbred horses
PMID 27351985

Japanese Journal

タイ国における肉用ヤギ3集団の屠体成績と肉質

スウィトアノタイシンタウェー,チャイヤワンワッタナチャント,野村こう,大石孝雄,天野卓
東京農業大学農学集報 57(1), 63-70, 2012-06-15
濃厚飼料給与量を体重の1パーセントとした給餌条件下で飼育したタイ産肉用ヤギ3集団の屠体成績を得ることを本研究の目的とした。南部タイ在来種,2元交雑(50%アングロヌビアン種×50%在来種),3元交雑(50%ボアー種×25%アングロヌビアン種×25%在来種)から健康な1歳雄18頭を無作為に選び,24時間絶食後,屠殺した。3元交雑は2元交雑および在来種に比べ,屠殺前生体重,枝肉重量,枝肉長の値が有意( …
NAID 110009423914

前腕筋および上腕筋への振動刺激が手関節と肘関節の同時運動に与える影響

関博之,与那正栄,内藤祐子,室増男
体力科學 60(2), 229-237, 2011-04-01
… In first experiment, a vibratory stimulation was applied to either the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) or the biceps brachii (BB) muscle during simple and simultaneous extension movement about wrist and elbow. … In second experiment, vibratory stimulation was applied to either the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) or the triceps brachii (TB) muscle during simple and simultaneous flexion movement about wrist and elbow. …
NAID 10028104332

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「上腕三頭筋」「musculus triceps brachii」
関連記事	「muscle」

「上腕三頭筋」

Triceps Brachii
	Triceps brachii seen from behind.
	Triceps brachii seen from behind. Three different colors represent three different bundles which compose triceps. Long head. Lateral head. Medial head.
Details
Latin	Musculus triceps brachii
Origin	Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Lateral head: above the radial sulcus; Medial head: below the radial sulcus
Insertion	Olecranon process of ulna
Artery	Deep brachial artery
Nerve	Radial nerve
Actions	Extends forearm, long head extends,adducts arm, Extends shoulder
Antagonist	Biceps brachii muscle
Identifiers
Gray's	p.444
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_22/12551300
TA	A04.6.02.019
FMA	37688
	Anatomical terms of muscle