WordNet

(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
(phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
occurring through or by way of the placenta; "transplacental passage of nutrients"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病

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1. 羊水感染症（絨毛膜羊膜炎） intraamniotic infection chorioamnionitis
2. 便培養で非チフス性サルモネラが検出された患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with nontyphoidal salmonella in a stool culture
3. 妊娠中のマラリアの概要 overview of malaria in pregnancy
4. パスツレラ感染症 pasteurella infections
5. ロスリバーウイルス感染 ross river virus infection

English Journal

Pulmonary artery haemorrhage in newborn calves following bluetongue virus serotype 8 experimental infections of pregnant heifers.

Martinelle L, Dal Pozzo F, Sarradin P, De Leeuw I, De Clercq K, Thys C, Thiry E, Saegerman C.Author information Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to the Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Boulevard de Colonster 20, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.AbstractThe emergence of bluetongue disease (BT) among livestock in Europe in 2006 raised many questions including the occurrence and epidemiological significance of foetal infections in cattle. To clarify these aspects, vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant heifers were sequentially infected twice in an isolation facility (biosafety level 3) with a northern European outbreak strain of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8). The study was terminated 2 months after calving with necropsy of the dams and their offspring. The cattle were monitored throughout the study by clinical scoring and for the presence of circulating neutralising antibodies, and after calving for the presence of infectious virus and viral RNA in blood and milk. Four calves, one born from a vaccinated dam and three from non-vaccinated ones, that were infected at 120 days of gestation had obvious haemorrhage of the pulmonary artery at necropsy. Although haemorrhage of the pulmonary artery is highly characteristic of BT, viral RNA was not detected in any of these calves. Furthermore, although none of the calves born from heifers infected prior to mid-gestation had teratogenic BTV typical brain lesions, some had lesions at birth suggestive of in utero BTV infection. Despite the lack of viral RNA detection, the presence of haemorrhage of the pulmonary artery deserves to be reported as a new observation in the context of the multiple investigations having as main subject the BTV placental crossing in cattle.
Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2013 Dec 27;167(3-4):250-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.016. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
The emergence of bluetongue disease (BT) among livestock in Europe in 2006 raised many questions including the occurrence and epidemiological significance of foetal infections in cattle. To clarify these aspects, vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant heifers were sequentially infected twice in an iso
PMID 24035481

Transplacental transmission of bluetongue virus serotype 1 and serotype 8 in sheep: virological and pathological findings.

van der Sluijs MT1, Schroer-Joosten DP1, Fid-Fourkour A1, Vrijenhoek MP2, Debyser I3, Moulin V1, Moormann RJ4, de Smit AJ1.Author information 1Research and Development, MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.2Animal Services and Pathology, MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.3CoVeToP, Consultancy in Veterinary and Toxicological Pathology, Enghien, Belgium.4Central Veterinary Institute, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands ; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.AbstractThe Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) strain, which emerged in Europe in 2006, had an unusually high ability to cause foetal infection in pregnant ruminants. Other serotypes of BTV had already been present in Europe for more than a decade, but transplacental transmission of these strains had never been demonstrated. To determine whether transplacental transmission is a unique feature of BTV-8 we compared the incidence and pathological consequences of transplacental transmission of BTV-8 to that of BTV-1. Nine pregnant ewes were infected with either BTV-8 or BTV-1. The BTV strains used for the infection were field strains isolated on embryonated chicken eggs and passaged twice on mammalian cells. Blood samples were taken to monitor the viraemia in the ewes. Four weeks after the infection, the foetuses were examined for pathological changes and for the presence of BTV. BTV-8 could be demonstrated in 12 foetuses (43%) from 5 ewes (56%). %). BTV-1 was detected in 14 foetuses (82%) from 6 ewes (67%). Pathological changes were mainly found in the central nervous system. In the BTV-8 group, lympho-histiocytic infiltrates, gliosis and slight vacuolation of the neuropil were found. BTV-1infection induced a severe necrotizing encephalopathy and severe meningitis, with macroscopic hydranencephaly or porencephaly in 8 foetuses. In our experimental setting, using low passaged virus strains, BTV-1 was able to induce transplacental transmission to a higher incidence compared to BTV-8, causing more severe pathology.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Dec 16;8(12):e81429. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081429.
The Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) strain, which emerged in Europe in 2006, had an unusually high ability to cause foetal infection in pregnant ruminants. Other serotypes of BTV had already been present in Europe for more than a decade, but transplacental transmission of these strains had never
PMID 24358112

Antibody kinetics in infants exposed to Chikungunya virus infection during pregnancy reveals absence of congenital infection.

Ramful D, Sampériz S, Fritel X, Michault A, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Rollot O, Boumahni B, Gérardin P.Author information La Réunion University Hospital Saint-Denis/Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France.AbstractTo search for serological evidence of congenital infection in apparently healthy neonates born to women infected with the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) during pregnancy, monitoring for CHIKV-specific antibodies was performed within the CHIMERE cohort study (Reunion island, 2006-2008). CHIKV-specific antibody kinetics showed no evidence of asymptomatic congenital infection as neonates were tested negative for CHIKV-specific IgM antibodies at birth and 368 infants with CHIKV-specific IgG antibodies seroreversed completely (mean seroreversion time: 7.7 months). Seroreversion time of transplacental CHIKV IgG antibodies was inversely correlated with the stage of pregnancy at which exposure took place and end-term small for gestational infants seroreversed earlier.
The Journal of infectious diseases.J Infect Dis.2013 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
To search for serological evidence of congenital infection in apparently healthy neonates born to women infected with the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) during pregnancy, monitoring for CHIKV-specific antibodies was performed within the CHIMERE cohort study (Reunion island, 2006-2008). CHIKV-specific ant
PMID 24338351

Japanese Journal

経胎盤感染による重症 Herpes simplex virus-2 感染の1例

佐藤千穂,森丘千夏子,伊集加奈子,箕面崎至宏,奥起久子
日本周産期・新生児医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japan Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine 49(1), 333-338, 2013-05-20
NAID 10031176916

An unusual phenotypic and genotypic expression in F2 generation following one stage zidovudine exposure during pregnancy and lactation- an experiment in mice

Rajlakshmi Chongtham,Roy Jagat Kumar,Rai Amit Kumar [他],BHATTACHARYYA Asima,PANDEY Bajarang Lal
Journal of toxicological sciences 37(1), 51-61, 2012-02-01
… Zidovudine (3'-Azido-2', 3'-dideoxythymidine, AZT, ZDV) is routinely used as one of the component of antiretroviral therapy to prevent transmission of the HIV infection from mother to child. … The study generated a hypothesis of recessive mutation and concludes that Zidovudine is a transplacental genotoxic agent. …
NAID 10030037362

パンデミックインフルエンザA(H1N1)2009を発症中に分娩に至った妊婦2症例における経胎盤感染の検討

天野真理子,森岡一朗,森實真由美,森本規之,藤岡一路,柴田暁男,横山直樹,荒川創一,牧野晶子,新矢恭子,松尾雅文,山田秀人
日本周産期・新生児医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japan Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine 47(1), 50-53, 2011-05-01
NAID 10029381971