transitional cell carcinoma

WordNet

1. make or undergo a transition (from one state or system to another); "The airline transitioned to more fuel-efficient jets"; "The adagio transitioned into an allegro"
2. a musical passage moving from one key to another (同)modulation
3. a change from one place or state or subject or stage to another
4. a passage that connects a topic to one that follows
5. cause to convert or undergo a transition; "the company had to transition the old practices to modern technology"
6. small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
7. a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
8. a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
9. (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
10. any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
11. a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
12. of or relating to or characterized by transition; "adolescence is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood"
13. any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (…から…へ)移り変わること,変遷;(…から…への)過渡期《+from+名+to+名》
2. (刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
3. 移り変わりの,過渡期の
4. がん,がん腫

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/19 02:21:14」(JST)

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Transitional cell carcinoma
Histopathology of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Transurethral biopsy. H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Oncology
ICD-O	M8120/3-8130
eMedicine	med/2003 radio/711
NCI	C4030 Transitional cell carcinoma
MeSH	D002295

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC, also urothelial cell carcinoma or UCC) is a type of cancer that typically occurs in the urinary system: the kidney, urinary bladder, and accessory organs. It is the most common type of bladder cancer and cancer of the ureter, urethra, and urachus. It is the second most common type of kidney cancer, but accounts for only five to 10 percent of all primary renal malignant tumors.

TCC arises from the transitional epithelium, a tissue lining the inner surface of these hollow organs. It can extend from the kidney collecting system to the bladder - "Creeping Tumor".

When the term "urothelial" is used, it specifically refers to a carcinoma of the urothelium, meaning a TCC of the urinary system.

Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms depend on the location and extent of the cancer: see for example Bladder cancer.

Causes

Urothelial carcinoma is a prototypical example of a malignancy arising from environmental carcinogenic influences. By far the important cause is cigarette smoking, which contributes to approximately half of the disease burden. Chemical exposures such as those sustained by workers in the petroleum industry, the manufacture of paints and pigments (prototypically aniline dyes), and agrochemicals are known to predispose to urothelial cancer. Interestingly, risk is lowered by increased liquid consumption, presumably as a consequence of increased urine production and thus less "dwell time" on the urothelial surface. Conversely, risk is increased among long-haul truck drivers and others in whom long urine dwell-times are encountered. As with most epithelial cancers, physical irritation has been associated with increased risk of malignant transformation of the urothelium. Thus, urothelial carcinomas are more common in the context of chronic urinary stone disease, chronic catheterization (as in patients with paraplegia or multiple sclerosis), and chronic infections. Some particular examples are listed below:

1. certain drugs such as cyclophosphamide via the metabolite acrolein, and phenacetin are known to predispose to TCC (the latter especially with respect to the upper urinary tract).
2. radiation exposure
3. somatic mutation such as deletion of Chromosome 9p,9q,11p,17p,13q,14q and over expression of RAS (oncogene) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)

Pathology

TCCs are often multifocal, with 30-40% of patients having more than one tumor at diagnosis. The pattern of growth of TCCs can be papillary, sessile (flat) or carcinoma-in-situ (CIS).

The most common site of TCC metastasis outside the pelvis is bone (35%); of these bone metastases, 40 percent are in the spine.

Terminology

Transitional refers to the histological subtype of the cancerous cells as seen under a microscope.

Classification

The 1973 WHO grading system for TCCs (papilloma, G1, G2 or G3) is most commonly used despite being superseded by the 2004 WHO grading (papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential [PNLMP], low grade, and high grade papillary carcinoma).

Treatment

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) can be very difficult to treat. Treatment for localized stage TCC is surgical resection of the tumor, but recurrence is common. Some patients are given mitomycin (which is a chemotherapeutic drug) into the bladder either as a one-off dose in the immediate post operative period (within 24 hrs) or a few weeks after the surgery as a six dose regimen.

Localized/ early TCC can also be treated with infusions of BCG into the bladder. These are given weekly for either 6 weeks (induction course) or 3 weeks(maintenance / booster dose). Side effects include a small chance of developing systemic Tuberculosis (T.B.) or the patient becoming sensitized to the BCG causing severe intolerance and a possible reduction in bladder volume due to scarring.

In patients with evidence of early muscular invasion, radical curative surgery in the form of a cysto-prostatectomy usually with lymph node sampling can also be performed. In such patients, a bowel loop is often used to create either a "neo-bladder" or an "ileal conduit" which act as a place for the storage of urine before it is evacuated from the body either via the urethra or a urostomy respectively.

Chemotherapy for TCC consists of the GC regimen (gemcitabine and cisplatin) or MVAC regimen (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin).

Associations

It is associated with phenacetin, aniline dyes, cyclophosphamide, smoking, and those who drink excessive alcohol.

Prostate

TCC can also be associated with the prostate.

Additional images

• Histopathology of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, showing a nested pattern of invasion. Transurethral biopsy. Hematoxylin and eosin.

• Histopathology of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

• Histopathology of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

• Micrograph of urethral urothelial cell carcinoma. H&E stain.

See also

• Transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 尿路上皮（移行上皮）膀胱癌のマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of urothelial transitional cell bladder cancer
• 2. 尿路上皮（移行上皮）膀胱癌の疫学および病因 epidemiology and etiology of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
• 3. 腎盂および尿管の悪性腫瘍 malignancies of the renal pelvis and ureter
• 4. 筋層浸潤性尿路上皮（移行上皮）膀胱癌に対する補助化学療法 adjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive urothelial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
• 5. 尿路上皮（移行上皮）膀胱癌の検出のための尿中バイオマーカー urine biomarkers for the detection of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

English Journal

• Collateral Activity of Immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for the Treatment of Non-muscle-invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: New Insights.

• Brausi M, Siracusano S.SourceDepartment of Urology, New S. Agostino and Estense Hospital, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: m.brausi@ausl.mo.it.
• European urology.Eur Urol.2013 May;63(5):836-7. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.033. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
• PMID 23219084

• Reply from Author re: Maurizio Brausi, Salvatore Siracusano. Collateral Activity of Immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for the Treatment of Non-muscle-invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: New Insights. Eur Urol 2013;63:836-7.

• Herr HW.SourceDepartment of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: herrh@mskcc.org.
• European urology.Eur Urol.2013 May;63(5):837-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.045. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
• PMID 23206855

Japanese Journal

• 気管支鏡下生検で診断された多発性薄壁空洞形成を示す転移性肺腫瘍(尿路上皮癌)の1例

• 医療 = Japanese journal of National Medical Services : 国立医療学会誌 69(7), 351-355, 2015-07
• NAID 40020543252

• 再発卵巣癌治療後7年目に膀胱内腫瘤を形成した明細胞腺癌の1例

• 産婦人科の進歩 67(1), 7-13, 2015
• NAID 130005063451

• Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in canine transitional cell carcinoma

• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(1), 1-6, 2015
• NAID 130004781003

Related Links

• Transitional cell carcinomaとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC, also urothelial cell carcinoma or UCC) is a type of cancer that typically occurs in the urinary system: the kidney, urinary bladder, and accessory organs. It is the most common type of bladder cancer and cancer of the ...

• transitional cell carcinoma - definition of transitional cell ...

carcinoma /car·ci·no·ma/ (kahr″sĭ-no´mah) pl. carcinomas, carcino´mata a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases. acinar carcinoma , acinic cell ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「移行上皮癌」「移行上皮がん」「TCC」
関連記事	「transition」「transitional」「cell」

「移行上皮癌」

　　[★]

英

transitional cell carcinoma, TCC

同

尿路上皮癌 urothelial carcinoma

関

癌腫、移行上皮乳頭腫、移行上皮

「移行上皮がん」

　　[★]

英

transitional cell carcinoma

関

移行上皮癌

「TCC」

　　[★] 移行上皮癌 transitional cell carcinoma

「transition」

　　[★]

• n.

• (相の)転移、移行、推移、移行期、遷移、変遷、トランジション

関

dissemination、entry、immigration、metastases、metastasis、metastasize、shift、succession、transfer、transference、transit、transition state、transitional、transitional period、translocation、travel

　 　 　 　 　 　

「transitional」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 移行性の、移行型の、移行期の、移行の、遷移の

関

entry、immigration、interphyletic、shift、succession、transfer、transit、transition、transition state、transitional period、translocation、travel

　 　

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞