WordNet
- a telescope mounted on an axis running east and west and used to time the transit of a celestial body across the meridian
- revolve (the telescope of a surveying transit) about its horizontal transverse axis in order to reverse its direction
- make a passage or journey from one place to another; "The tourists moved through the town and bought up all the souvenirs;" "Some travelers pass through the desert" (同)pass_through, move through, pass across, pass_over
- cause or enable to pass through; "The canal will transit hundreds of ships every day"
- pass across (a sign or house of the zodiac) or pass across (the disk of a celestial body or the meridian of a place); "The comet will transit on September 11"
- equip with instruments for measuring, recording, or controlling
- the means whereby some act is accomplished; "my greed was the instrument of my destruction"; "science has given us new tools to fight disease" (同)tool
- a device that requires skill for proper use
- a person used by another to gain an end (同)pawn, cat''s-paw
- write an instrumental score for (同)instrumentate
- address a legal document to
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 通過,通行 / (…の)輸送,運搬《+of+名》 / 天体が子午線を横切ること,(小天体が)他の天体を横切ること / 〈天体が〉〈太陽面〉‘を'通過する
- (主として精密な)『器具』,器械,計器・(また『musical instrument』)『楽器』) / 手段,方便(means);(人の)手先 / 法律文書(証書・遺書・協定書・約束手形など)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/09/08 19:43:34」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
In astronomy, transit instruments are used for the precise observation of star positions. The instruments can be divided into three groups:
Meridian circle at the Kuffner observatory in Vienna, Austria
Contents
- 1 Meridian instruments
- 2 Universal instruments
- 3 Zenith instruments and Astrolabes
- 4 Observation techniques and accuracy
- 5 See also
- 6 Works cited
- 7 External links
Meridian instruments
for observation of star transits in the exact direction of South or North:
- Meridian circles, Mural quadrants etc.
- Passage instruments (transportable, also for prime vertical transits)
Universal instruments
which allow transit measurements in any direction
- Theodolite (Describing a theodolite as a transit may refer to the ability to turn the telescope a full rotation on the horizontal axis, which provides a convenient way to reverse the direction of view, or to sight the same object with the yoke in opposite directions, which causes some instrumental errors to cancel.) (Wolf and Brinker 183–6)
- Altaz telescopes with graduated eyepieces (also for satellite transits)
- Cinetheodolites
Zenith instruments and Astrolabes
- Zenith telescope
- Photozenith tube (PZT)
- zenith cameras
- Danjon astrolabe, Zeiss Ni2 astrolabe, Circumzenital
Observation techniques and accuracy
Depending on the type of instrument, the measurements are carried out
- visually and manual time registration (stopwatch, Auge-Ohr-Methode, chronograph)
- visually by impersonal micrometer (moving thread with automatic registration)
- photographic registration
- CCD or other electro optic sensors.
The accuracy reaches from 0.2" (theodolites, small astrolabes) to 0.01" (modern meridian circles, Danjon). Early instruments (like the mural quadrants of Tycho Brahe) had no telescope and were limited to about 0.01°.
See also
- Astronomical transit
- Position astronomy, Astrogeodesy
- latitude/longitude observation, vertical deflection
Works cited
Wolf, Paul R and Russell C. Brinker. Elementary Surveying, 8th ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1989.
External links
- Karl Ramsayer: Geodätische Astronomie, Vol.2a of Handbuch der Vermessungskunde, 900 p., J.B.Metzler, Stuttgart 1969
- Cauvenet and Brünnow's Handbooks of Spherical Geodesy
- Transit instrument in the Encyclopedia.com
- Transit circle technique (Classic Encyclopedia)
- Great Transit at Lick Observatory, +Photo
- Modern roboter telescopes
- The Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle
- Photo of a 19th century transit instrument (Jones 1826)
- Transit instruments udes by the Survey of India, 1867)
UpToDate Contents
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Japanese Journal
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 道具、器具、機器、計器。楽器。手段。法律文書。(法律文書としての)証券、(約束)手形
- (器具を)装着する
- 関
- apparatus、device、equipment、fit、instrumental、machine、tool、utensil、wear
[★]
- 関
- cross、entry、immigration、pass、pass through、passage、shift、succession、transfer、transition、transitional、translocation、travel
[★]
- 関
- t-、trance