transforming growth factor beta superfamily

• トランスフォーミング増殖因子βスーパーファミリー、形質転換増殖因子βスーパーファミリー

WordNet

1. to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
2. work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
3. have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
4. be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
5. happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
6. have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
7. occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
8. spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
9. cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" (同)raise, farm, produce
10. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains"; "I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts" (同)develop, produce, get, acquire
11. become attached by or as if by the process of growth; "The tree trunks had grown together"
12. become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast"
13. cause to grow or develop; "He grows vegetables in his backyard"
14. increase in size by natural process; "Corn doesnt grow here"; "In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees"; "her hair doesnt grow much anymore"
15. (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
16. (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
17. a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
18. something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
19. vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
20. be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
21. any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
22. an independent variable in statistics
23. anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
24. consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
25. resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
26. an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
27. a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
28. a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
29. a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
2. 『成長する』,育つ,〈植物が〉生える,茂る / (類・量・程などにおいて)『増大する』,大きくなる / 『しだいになる』 / …‘を'成長させる,大きくする,育てる / …から生じる(起こる)
3. 〈U〉(…の)『成長』,発育;『発達』,発展《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(数・量,重要性・力などの)『増加』,増大,拡張《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》栽培,生産,…産 / 〈C〉成育した物,(草,木,髪,ひげなどの)生えたもの / 〈C〉腫瘍(しゅよう)
4. (…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
5. 〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/31 11:40:36」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Transforming growth factor beta like domain
Structure of human transforming growth factor-beta 2.
Identifiers
Symbol	TGF_beta
Pfam	PF00019
InterPro	IPR001839
PROSITE	PDOC00223
SCOP	1tfg
SUPERFAMILY	1tfg
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is a large family of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally described in 1983.

Many proteins have since been described as members of the TGF-β superfamily in a variety of species, including invertebrates as well as vertebrates and categorized into 23 distinct gene types that fall into four major subfamilies:

• The TGFβ subfamily
• The decapentaplegic Vg-related (DVR) related subfamily (including the bone morphogenetic proteins and the growth differentiation factors)
• The activin and inhibin subfamily
• A group encompassing various divergent members

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. TGF-beta-1 is a peptide of 112 amino acid residues derived by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of a precursor protein. These proteins interact with a conserved family of cell surface serine/threonine-specific protein kinase receptors, and generate intracellular signals using a conserved family of proteins called SMADs. They play fundamental roles in the regulation of basic biological processes such as growth, development, tissue homeostasis and regulation of the immune system.

Structure

Proteins from the TGF-beta family are only active as homo- or heterodimer; the two chains being linked by a single disulfide bond. From X-ray studies of TGF-beta-2, it is known that all the other cysteines are involved in intrachain disulfide bonds. As shown in the following schematic representation, there are four disulfide bonds in the TGF-beta's and in inhibin beta chains, while the other members of this family lack the first bond.

                                                     interchain
                                                     |
          +------------------------------------------|+
          |                                          ||
xxxxcxxxxxCcxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxCx
    |      |                  |  |                                        | |
    +------+                  +--|----------------------------------------+ |
                                 +------------------------------------------+

where 'C' denotes a conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.

Examples

Human genes encoding proteins that contain this domain include:

AMH; ARTN; BMP10; BMP15; BMP2; BMP3; BMP4; BMP5; BMP6; BMP7; BMP8A; BMP8B; GDF1; GDF10; GDF11; GDF15; GDF2; GDF3; GDF3A; GDF5; GDF6; GDF7; GDF8; GDF9; GDNF; INHA; INHBA; INHBB; INHBC; INHBE; LEFTY1; LEFTY2; MSTN; NODAL; NRTN; PSPN; TGFB1; TGFB2; TGFB3;

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 大腸癌の分子遺伝学 molecular genetics of colorectal cancer
• 2. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）：危険因子およびリスク低減 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk factors and risk reduction
• 3. 全身性硬化症（強皮症）の病因 pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis scleroderma
• 4. リウマチ性疾患におけるサイトカインネットワーク：治療の意味 cytokine networks in rheumatic diseases implications for therapy
• 5. 妊娠に対する母体の内分泌系および代謝の適応 maternal endocrine and metabolic adaptation to pregnancy

English Journal

• Effect of intestinal colonisation by two Lactobacillus strains on the immune response of gnotobiotic mice.

• Steinberg RS1, Lima M1, Gomes de Oliveira NL1, Miyoshi A1, Nicoli JR2, Neumann E2, Nunes AC1.
• Beneficial microbes.Benef Microbes.2014 Dec 1;5(4):409-19. doi: 10.3920/BM2013.0075.
• The effect of intestinal colonisation on the immune system was investigated in germ-free mice monoassociated with Lactobacillus strains isolated from calf faeces. Single doses of Lactobacillus acidophilus L36 or Lactobacillus salivarius L38 were administered to germ-free mice by intragastric gavage.
• PMID 24939801

• Association between Cytokine Production and Disease Severity in Alzheimer's Disease.

• Jabbari Azad F1, Talaei A2, Rafatpanah H3, Yousefzadeh H4, Jafari R5, Talaei A6, Farid Hosseini R7.
• Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology.Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol.2014 Dec;13(6):433-9.
• The role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has long been reported in literature. In this case-control study, the concentrations of these cytokines in altered T lymphocytes, as well as serum
• PMID 25148802

• Re-evaluating the induction of bone formation in primates.

• Ripamonti U1, Duarte R2, Ferretti C3.
• Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Nov;35(35):9407-22. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.053. Epub 2014 Aug 23.
• The molecular cloning of the osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) supergene family and the results of numerous pre-clinical studies in several mammalian species including non-human primates, have prematurely convinced molecular biologists, tissue engineers and skeletal r
• PMID 25155544

Japanese Journal

• Role of Oocyte-derived Factors in Ovarian Follicular Development and Ovulation

• Sugiura Koji,Konuma Ryosuke,Kano Kiyoshi,Naito Kunihiko
• Journal of Mammalian Ova Research 28(1), 8-17, 2011
• … Oocytes produce two families of growth factors: members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 6, BMP15, and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9); … and members of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), including FGF8. …
• NAID 130004436809

• Role of RUNX3 in bone morphogenetic protein signaling in colorectal cancer.

• Lee Cecilia Wei Lin,Ito Kosei,Ito Yoshiaki
• Cancer Research 70(10), 4243-4252, 2010-05-15
• … Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, are multifunctional cytokines regulating a broad spectrum of biological functions. … The Runt domain transcription factor RUNX3 is an integral component of signaling pathways mediated by TGF-beta and BMPs. …
• NAID 120003055717

• Roles for the MH2 domain of Smad7 in the specific inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily signaling

• MOCHIZUKI T
• J Biol Chem 279, 31568-31574, 2004
• NAID 80016786095

Related Links

• Evolution of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.

1. Prog Growth Factor Res. 1994;5(1):99-118. Evolution of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Burt DW, Law AS. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, AFRC Roslin Institute, Midlothian, U.K.

• The transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of receptors.

1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2004 Feb;15(1):1-11. The transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of receptors. de Caestecker M(1). Author information: (1)Division of Nephrology, S-3223 Medical Center ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「形質転換増殖因子βスーパーファミリー」「トランスフォーミング増殖因子βスーパーファミリー」
関連記事	「grow」「superfamily」「fact」「factor」「transforming」

「形質転換増殖因子βスーパーファミリー」

　　[★]

英

transforming growth factor beta superfamily

関

トランスフォーミング増殖因子βスーパーファミリー

「トランスフォーミング増殖因子βスーパーファミリー」

　　[★]

英

transforming growth factor beta superfamily

関

形質転換増殖因子βスーパーファミリー

「grow」

　　[★]

• v.

(過去: grew-過去分詞: grown)

• 成長する、生育する、伸びる

関

extend、growth、outgrow、outgrowth、stretch

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「superfamily」

　　[★] (機能は異なるが構造や配列が似た遺伝子の集団)スーパーファミリー、(分類学;動物の)上科

関

family group、supergene family

　

「fact」

　　[★]

• n.

• 事実、現状、実際、実態

関

actual、actually、in fact、in practice、indeed、practically

　 　 　 　 　

「factor」

　　[★]

• n.

• 因子、要因、要素、ファクター

関

element、elementary、factorial、parameter

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「transforming」

　　[★]

• 形質転換、トランスフォーミング

関

transform、transformation、transgenic