transepidermal water loss

経表皮水分蒸散量

WordNet

1. provide with water; "We watered the buffalo"
2. binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent (同)H2O
3. supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams; "Water the fields" (同)irrigate
4. once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
5. secrete or form water, as tears or saliva; "My mouth watered at the prospect of a good dinner"; "His eyes watered"
6. a liquid necessary for the life of most animals and plants; "he asked for a drink of water"
7. fill with tears; "His eyes were watering"
8. the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue; "the company operated at a loss last year"; "the company operated in the red last year" (同)red ink, red
9. gradual decline in amount or activity; "weight loss"; "a serious loss of business"
10. something that is lost; "the car was a total loss"; "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt"
11. the disadvantage that results from losing something; "his loss of credibility led to his resignation"; "losing him is no great deprivation" (同)deprivation
12. the act of losing someone or something; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock"
13. the experience of losing a loved one; "he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather"
14. wetting with water; "the lawn needs a great deal of watering"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉水 / 《しばしば複数形で》『海』(『湖,川』)『の水』 / 《複数形で》流れる水;(海・川・湖などの)波立つ水《+of+名》 / 《複数形で》(特定の)水域,領海,近海 / 〈U〉潮位,水位;《the water》水面 / 〈U〉分泌液(涙・汗・尿など) / 〈U〉溶液,…水 / 《複数形で》(飲用の)鉱泉水 / 〈U〉(織物・金属などの)波紋 / …‘に'『水をかける』(まく,やる) / 〈動物〉‘に'水を飲ませる / …‘に'水を供給する;…‘を'潅漑(かんがい)する / 〈液体など〉‘を'水で割る,薄める《+名+down,+down+名》 / 〈織物・金属など〉‘に'波紋(波模様)をつける / 〈動物などが〉水を飲む:〈船・機関などが〉給水を受ける / 〈目・口などが〉分泌液を出す
2. 〈U〉(…を)『失うこと』,紛失《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『損害』,損失;損失額《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に)『負けること』,(…の)敗北;失敗《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(状態・程度の)『減少』,低下 / 《複数形で》(戦場における)(人の)損害,此傷者数
3. 負ける,損をする,勝ち目がない
4. 見よ,そら

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/15 18:40:17」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Transepidermal water loss (TWL or TEWL) is a term associated with dermatology and its connected sciences. It is defined as the measurement of the quantity of water that passes from inside a body (animal or plant) through the epidermal layer (skin) to the surrounding atmosphere via diffusion and evaporation processes. TWL in mammals is also known as "insensible water loss" as it is a process over which organisms have little physiological control.

Measurements of TWL may be useful for identifying skin damage caused by certain chemicals, physical insult (such as "tape stripping") or pathological conditions such as eczema, as rates of TWL increase in proportion to the level of damage. However, TWL is also affected by environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, the time of year (season variation) and the moisture content of the skin (hydration level). Therefore, care must be taken when interpreting the meaning of TWL rates.

Implications

From a clinical standpoint, TWL measurements are of great importance in evaluating skin barrier functionality. Often normal rates of TWL are compromised due to injury, infection and/or severe damage as in the case of burns. Damage to the stratum corneum and superficial skin layers not only results in physical vulnerability, but also results in an excess rate of water loss. Therefore, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and conditions such as anhydremia or concentration of the blood are often critical issues for healthcare providers to consider in the treatment of burn patients.

TWL is of major concern in public health, considering the relatively high rate of burn incidence among communities in the developing world due to poor quality cooking stoves. Resources for burn care in local clinics are often scarce and depending on the affected surface area, TWL is a major issue that can be overlooked. Furthermore, TWL is also affected by variations in sweat gland activity, temperature, and metabolism. Therefore transepidermal water loss becomes a significant factor in dehydration associated with several major disease states.

Acronym confusion

There is at present some confusion over the correct acronym for transepidermal water loss, with some references using TWL and others using TEWL. It is thought that TEWL is often used to avoid confusion with "total water loss," a term commonly used in some disciplines.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 術後の成人患者に行う輸液療法の概要 overview of postoperative fluid therapy in adults
• 2. 新生児における輸液および電解質療法 fluid and electrolyte therapy in newborns
• 3. 成人における高ナトリウム血症の病因および評価 etiology and evaluation of hypernatremia in adults
• 4. 新生児および乳児の紅皮症 neonatal and infantile erythroderma
• 5. 小児における維持輸液療法 maintenance fluid therapy in children

English Journal

• Novel method to improve transdermal drug delivery by atmospheric microplasma irradiation.

• Shimizu K1, Hayashida K2, Blajan M1.
• Biointerphases.Biointerphases.2015 Jun 6;10(2):029517. doi: 10.1116/1.4919708.
• Application of atmospheric plasma could be used for wound healing, skin rejuvenation, and wrinkle treatment. The authors explored the feasibility of atmospheric microplasma irradiation (AMI) for enhancement of percutaneous absorption of drugs as an alternative to hypodermic needles. Pig skin was use
• PMID 25947391

• Efficacy of an emollient dermoprotective cream in the treatment of elderly skin affected by xerosis.

• Cristaudo A1, Francesconi L, Ambrifi M, Frasca M, Cavallotti C, Sperduti E.
• Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Società italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia.G Ital Dermatol Venereol.2015 Jun;150(3):297-302.
• AIM: Xerosis cutis is a frequent condition in the elderly and the topical treatments are aimed to maintain a balance between the physiological components of the epidermis and an optimal moisturization. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a dermoprotective cream, glycerol and paraffin-based, in t
• PMID 25946673

• A novel mechanism for improvement of dry skin by dietary milk phospholipids: Effect on epidermal covalently bound ceramides and skin inflammation in hairless mice.

• Morifuji M1, Oba C2, Ichikawa S2, Ito K2, Kawahata K2, Asami Y2, Ikegami S2, Itoh H2, Sugawara T3.
• Journal of dermatological science.J Dermatol Sci.2015 Jun;78(3):224-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.02.017. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
• BACKGROUND: Dietary milk phospholipids (MPLs) increase hydration of the stratum corneum and reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in hairless mice fed a standard diet. However, the mechanism by which MPLs improve skin barrier functions has yet to be established.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed
• PMID 25816721

Japanese Journal

• Effect of Physiological Changes in the Skin on Systemic Absorption of Tacrolimus Following Topical Application in Rats

• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39(3), 343-352, 2016
• NAID 130005132307

• Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions with IgE hyperproduction and pruritus in KFRS4/Kyo rats.

• Journal of dermatological science 80(2), 116-123, 2015-11
• NAID 120005707937

• セラミド含有ドレッシング材による皮膚へのセラミドデリバリーは皮膚バリア機能を回復する

• 看護理工学会誌 = Journal of Nursing Science and Engineering 2(3), 174-179, 2015
• NAID 40020645389

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「経表皮水分蒸散量」
関連記事	「loss」「transepidermal」「water」「watering」

「経表皮水分蒸散量」

　　[★]

英

transepidermal water loss TEWL

[show details]

経表皮水分喪失 TEWL : 約 2,350 件
経表皮水分喪失量 TEWL : 約 2,330 件
経表皮水分蒸散 TEWL : 約 3,670 件
経表皮水分蒸散量 TEWL : 約 7,790 件
経皮水分喪失 TEWL : 47 件
経皮水分喪失量 TEWL : 51 件
経皮水分蒸散 TEWL : 約 17,500 件
経皮水分蒸散量 TEWL : 約 5,570 件
経表皮水分喪失 : 約 26,800 件
経表皮水分喪失量 : 約 4,240 件
経表皮水分蒸散 : 約 18,000 件
経表皮水分蒸散量 : 約 16,800 件
経皮水分喪失 : 約 8,830 件
経皮水分喪失量 : 93 件
経皮水分蒸散 : 約 41,900 件
経皮水分蒸散量 : 約 11,900 件

「loss」

　　[★]

• n.

• 損失、減少

関

decline、decrease、diminish、diminution、down-regulate、down-regulation、downregulate、downregulation、fall、reduce、reduction

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「transepidermal」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 経皮の

関

dermal、percutaneous、transdermal

「water」

　　[★]

• n.

• 水

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「watering」

　　[★]

• n.

• 灌水

関

suffusion