WordNet

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion
a nonspecific agent that imparts motion; "happiness is the aim of all men and the motor of all action"
inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
the act of driving an automobile

PrepTutorEJDIC

(電気の)『モーター』,電動機 / エンジン,(特に)内燃機関 / 《英》自動車(motorcar) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》 / モーターの;エンジンの;自動車の / モーター(エンジン)による,自動車による / (神経・筋肉について)運動の / 自動車で行く / …‘を'自動車で運ぶ
失語症
自動車運転〈技術〉,ドライブ
気のきいた言葉

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/10 07:26:19」(JST)

wiki en

Transcortical Motor Aphasia (TMA), also known as adynamic aphasia and extrasylvian motor aphasia, results from an injury to the anterior superior frontal lobe. The injury is typically caused by a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), commonly referred to as a stroke. The area of insult is sometimes referred to as a watershed area, a region receiving dual blood supply that is the first to become ischemic during a stroke. The insult typically involves the left hemisphere as most people (regardless of handedness) are left hemisphere dominant for language (nearly 100% of right-handers, about 85% of left-handers). ^[1]

Characteristics

TMA is a less common impairment than Expressive aphasia. People with TMA generally have good comprehension since Wernicke's area is usually not affected. People with TMA experience non-fluent (halting and effortful) speech due to frontal lobe damage and their utterances are typically only one or two words long. People with TMA retain the ability to repeat words, phrases or sentences. Repetition is preserved since the arcuate fasciculus (the neural pathway that connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas via the parietal lobe) is intact.^{[citation needed]} Preserved repetition is a defining quality of all transcortical aphasias. People who suffer from transcortical motor aphasia, however, may experience delays in initiation when they try to repeat words due to damage in the frontal lobe.

People who suffer from TMA also have severely impaired writing ability. As writing is a secondary modality (learned through formal instruction in grade school) it is often more severely affected than a primary modality like speaking.

References

^ "Anatomic basis of transcortical motor aphasia -- Freedman et al. 34 (4): 409 -- Neurology". www.neurology.org. Retrieved 2008-05-11.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 失語症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with aphasia

English Journal

Script Training Using Telepractice with Two Adults with Chronic Non-Fluent Aphasia.

Rhodes NC, Isaki E.
International journal of telerehabilitation. 2018 ;10(2)89-104.
Two male participants with chronic (> 2 years), non-fluent aphasia and their family members participated in script training using videoconferencing. Functional scripts were developed by people with aphasia (PWA) and their family members. Accuracy of scripts was measured by total target words produce
PMID 30588280

Recurring Thalamic Symptoms Due to Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: Report of Unusual Case and Treatment Outcome.

Vinayagamani S, Kannath SK, Rajan JE.
World neurosurgery. 2018 Oct;118()9-13.
Initial clinical presentation of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with predominantly thalamic symptoms is rare and has not been reported until now. A young child presenting with complaints of tinnitus and mild right hemiparesis was evaluated with an initial magnetic resonance imaging, which reveal
PMID 29969738

Sentence composition ability in two patients with non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia.

Watanabe H, Matsuda M, Ota S, Baba T, Iizuka O, Mori E.
Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society. 2018 May;18(3)231-234.
Agrammatism is one of the core clinical features of non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia, and it has traditionally been considered the hallmark of non-fluent aphasia in Western countries. However, agrammatic speech may remain undetected in Japanese patients because of the agglut
PMID 29409157