関: Astragalus gummifer

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a gum used in pharmacy, adhesives, and textile printing

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/01 01:23:22」(JST)

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Astralagus gummifer

Tragacanth is a natural gum obtained from the dried sap of several species of Middle Eastern legumes of the genus Astragalus, including A. adscendens, A. gummifer, A. brachycalyx,^[1]^[2] and A. tragacanthus. Some of these species are known collectively under the common names "goat's thorn" and "locoweed". The gum is sometimes called shiraz gum, shiraz, gum elect or gum dragon. The name derives from tragos and akantha, which means in Greek "goat" and "thorn", respectively. Iran is the biggest producer of the best quality of this gum.

Gum tragacanth is a viscous, odorless, tasteless, water-soluble mixture of polysaccharides obtained from sap which is drained from the root of the plant and dried. The gum seeps from the plant in twisted ribbons or flakes which can be powdered. It absorbs water to become a gel, which can be stirred into a paste. The gum is used in vegetable-tanned leatherworking as an edge slicking and burnishing compound, and is occasionally used as a stiffener in textiles. The alkaloid it contains has historically been used as an herbal remedy for such conditions as cough and diarrhea. As a mucilage or paste, it has been used as a topical treatment for burns. It is used in pharmaceuticals and foods as an emulsifier, thickener, stabilizer, and texturant additive (code E413). Also, it is the traditional binder used in the making of artists' pastels,^[3] as it does not adhere to itself the same way other gums (such as gum arabic) do when dry. Gum tragacanth is also used to make a paste used in floral sugarcraft to create lifelike flowers on wires used as decorations for cakes. It makes a paste which air-dries brittle and can take colorings. It enables users to get a very fine, delicate finish to their work. Additionally, it has traditionally been used as an adhesive in the cigar-rolling process used to secure the cap or "flag" leaf to the finished cigar body.^[4]

Gum tragacanth is less common in products than other gums, such as gum arabic or guar gum, largely because most tragacanth is grown in Middle Eastern countries which have shaky trade relations with countries where the gum is to be used. Commercial cultivation of tragacanth plants has generally not proved economically worthwhile in the West, since other gums can be used for similar purposes.

Gum tragacanth is also used in incense-making as a binder to hold all the powdered herbs together. Its water solubility is ideal for ease of working and an even spread. Only half as much is needed, compared to gum arabic or something similar.^[5]^[6]

In Saudi Arabia, a mixture of hydrated Tragacanth and ground dried Ziziphus spina-christi is used as a natural hair shampoo. Anecdotal claims point to its effectiveness in promoting hair growth.

Notes

^ http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Astragalus+adscendens
^ "Astragalus brachycalyx Fisch.". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
^ Mayer, Ralph (1991) [1940]. The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques (5th ed.). Viking. p. 427. ISBN 0-670-83701-6. chief use among artists' materials is as a binder for pastel and chalk crayons
^ Gage, Tad (2007). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Cigars (2nd ed.). Alpha. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-59257-591-6.
^ Cunningham, Scott (1989). The Complete Book of Incense, Oils, and Brews. Llewellyn Publications. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-0-87542-128-5.
^ Cunningham, Scott (1989). The Complete Book of Incense, Oils, and Brews. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-87542-128-5.

English Journal

Gum tragacanth dispersions: Particle size and rheological properties affected by high-shear homogenization.

Farzi M1, Yarmand MS2, Safari M1, Emam-Djomeh Z3, Mohammadifar MA4.
International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2015 May 15;79:433-439. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.037. [Epub ahead of print]
The effect of high-shear homogenization on the rheological and particle size characteristics of three species of gum tragacanth (GT) was detected. Dispersions were subjected to 0-20min treatment. Static light scattering techniques and rheological tests were used to study the effect of treatment. The
PMID 25987462

Development of orodispersible polymer films with focus on the solid state characterization of crystalline loperamide.

Woertz C1, Kleinebudde P2.
European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.Eur J Pharm Biopharm.2015 May 11. pii: S0939-6411(15)00216-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.036. [Epub ahead of print]
The formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as orodispersible films is gaining interest among novel oral drug delivery systems due to their small size, enhanced flexibility and improved patient compliance. The aim of this work was the preparation and characterization of orodispersible
PMID 25976316

Drug release from enzyme-mediated in situ-forming hydrogel based on gum tragacanth-tyramine conjugate.

Dehghan-Niri M1, Tavakol M1, Vasheghani-Farahani E2, Ganji F1.
Journal of biomaterials applications.J Biomater Appl.2015 May;29(10):1343-50. doi: 10.1177/0885328214568468. Epub 2015 Jan 14.
In the present study, injectable hydrogels based on gum tragacanth-tyramine conjugate were prepared by enzymatic oxidation of tyramine radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Then, in vitro release of bovine serum albumin and insulin as model protein drugs from this polymeric network was inve
PMID 25592284

Japanese Journal

改良ジエチルジチオアセタール化法による増粘多糖類構成糖の分析

秋山卓美,山崎壮,棚元憲一
食品衛生学雑誌 52(1), 40-46, 2011
ウロン酸含有増粘多糖類の構成糖組成比をGC分析する方法を検討した．単糖にジエチルジチオアセタール化とTMS化を施してGC/MSで分析する既報の方法の反応スケールを5倍にし，さらに溶媒抽出を用いた調製法に変更し，操作性と再現性を向上させた．多糖類7品目を加水分解し，改良操作法により誘導体化してGC/FIDで分析した．構成糖の誘導体をクロマトグラム上でいずれも単一のピークとして検出し，互いに分離するこ …
NAID 130000671810

トラガント樹液による歯垢形成抑制作用

惣野初美,山本尚基,小林明美,下豊留玲,中村純二,長谷正
日本歯科保存学雑誌 = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY 50, 140, 2007-10-05
NAID 10019830798

カラヤ軟膏の吸水挙動

千葉薫,小川聡,新田弘美,宮本和俊,阿久津茂隆,稲垣俊一
病院薬学 22(4), 322-329, 1996-08-10
… The order of water absorbency was CMC-Na, sodium alginate, karaya gum, tragacanth gum and acacia at concentration of 40%. …
NAID 110001799585