前脊髄小脳路
WordNet
- a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet (同)pamphlet
- an extended area of land (同)piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
- a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
- of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
- earlier in time (同)prior
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 広大な土地(地域),(土地・海・空などの)広がり《+of+名》 / (器官の)管,(神経の)索
- (おもに宗教・政治などの宣伝用の)小冊子,パンフレット
- (場所などが)前の,前部の;(…より)前に位置する《+『to』+『名』》 / (時・事件などが)以前の,先の;(…より)前の《+『to』+『名』》
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/03 07:38:04」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Ventral spinocerebellar tract |
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Anterior spinocerebellar tract is labeled in blue at right.
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Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. (Ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus visible at center left.)
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| Latin |
Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior,
tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis |
| Gray's |
p.761 |
The ventral spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. Both these tracts involve two neurons. The ventral spinocerebellar tract will cross to the opposite side of the body first in the spinal cord as part of the anterior white commissure and then cross again to end in the cerebellum (referred to as a "double cross"), as compared to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract, which does not decussate, or cross sides, at all through its path.
The ventral tract (under L2/L3) gets its proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration information from a first order neuron, with its cell body in a dorsal ganglion. The axon runs via the fila radicularia to the dorsal horn of the grey matter. There it makes a synapse with the dendrites of two neurons: they send their axons bilaterally to the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. The ventral spinocerebellar tract then enters the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is in contrast with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (C8 - L2/L3), which only has 1 unilateral axon that has its cell body in the Clarke's nuclei (only at the level of C8 - L2/L3). The fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract then eventually enter the cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle. This is one of the few afferent tracts through the superior cerebellar peduncle.
Originates from ventral horn at lumbosacral spinal levels. Axons first cross midline in the spinal cord and run in the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. These axons ascend to the pons where they join the superior cerebellar peduncle to enter the cerebellum. Once in the deep white matter of the cerebellum, the axons recross the midline, give off collaterals to the globose and emboliform nuclei, and terminate in the cortex of the anterior lobe and vermis of the posterior lobe.
Contents
- 1 Comparison with dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- 2 Synonyms
- 3 Additional images
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Comparison with dorsal spinocerebellar tract
When the dorsal roots are cut in a cat performing a step cycle, peripheral excitation is lost, and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract has no activity; the ventral spinocerebellar tract continues to show activity. This suggests that the dorsal spinocerebellar tract carries sensory information to the spinocerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle during movement (since the inferior peduncle is known to contain fibres from the dorsal tract), and that the ventral spinocerebellar tract carries internally generated motor information about the movement through the superior cerebellar peduncle.[1]
Synonyms
- anterior spinocerebellar tract
- Gowers' column
- Gowers' fasciculus
- Gowers' tract (named after Sir William Richard Gowers)
Additional images
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Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
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Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
References
- ^ Jessell, Thomas M.; Kandel, Eric R.; Schwartz, James H. (2000). Principles of neural science. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8385-7701-6.
External links
- NeuroNames hier-805
- NIF Search - Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract via the Neuroscience Information Framework
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Anatomy of torso (primarily): the spinal cord (TA 14.1.02, GA 9.749)
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| External, dorsal |
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
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Grey matter/
Rexed laminae |
| I–VI: Posterior horn |
- I: Marginal nucleus
- II: Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
- III+IV: Nucleus proprius
- Spinal lamina V
- Spinal lamina VI
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| VII: Lateral horn |
- Intermediolateral nucleus
- Posterior thoracic nucleus
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| VIII–IX: Anterior horn |
- Interneuron
- Alpha motor neuron
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| X: Other |
- Central gelatinous substance
- Gray commissure
- Central canal
- Terminal ventricle
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| White matter |
somatic/
ascending
(blue) |
| Posterior/PCML: |
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| Lateral: |
- proprioception: Spinocerebellar
- pain/temp: Spinothalamic
- Posterolateral (Lissauer)
- Spinotectal
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- Spinoreticular tract
- Spino-olivary tract
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motor/
descending
(red) |
| Lateral: |
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| Anterior: |
- Corticospinal
- Ep
- Vestibulospinal
- Reticulospinal
- Tectospinal
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| both |
- Anterior white commissure
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| External, ventral |
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
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| External, general |
- Cervical enlargement
- Lumbar enlargement
- Conus medullaris
- Filum terminale
- Cauda equina
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Human brain: rhombencephalon, myelencephalon: medulla (TA A14.1.04, GA 9.767)
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| Dorsal |
| Surface |
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
- Area postrema
- Vagal trigone
- Hypoglossal trigone
- Medial eminence
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| Grey: Cranial nuclei |
| afferent: |
- GVA: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract/Dorsal respiratory group
- SVA: Gustatory nucleus
- GSA: VIII-v
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| efferent: |
- GSE: XII
- GVE: IX,X,XI: Ambiguus
- SVE: X: Dorsal
- IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus
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| Grey: other |
- Gracile nucleus
- Cuneate nucleus
- Accessory cuneate nucleus
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| White: Sensory/ascending |
- Sensory decussation
- Medial lemniscus
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- MLF, III, IV and VI
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| White: Motor/descending |
- Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- MLF, III, IV and VI
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| Ventral |
| White: Motor/descending |
- Motor decussation
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Rubro-olivary tract
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| Grey matter |
- Ventral respiratory group
- Arcuate nucleus of medulla
- Inferior olivary nucleus
- Rostral ventromedial medulla
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| Surface |
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Olive
- Pyramid
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Grey: Raphe/
reticular |
- Reticular formation
- Gigantocellular
- Parvocellular
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Paramedian
- Raphe nuclei
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: cerebellum (TA 14.1.07, GA 9.788)
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| Surface anatomy |
| Lobes |
- Anterior lobe
- Posterior lobe
- Flocculonodular lobe
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| Medial/lateral |
- Vermis: anterior
- Central lobule
- Culmen
- Lingula
- posterior
- Vallecula of cerebellum
- Hemisphere: anterior
- posterior
- Biventer lobule
- Cerebellar tonsil
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| Grey matter |
| Deep cerebellar nuclei |
- Dentate
- interposed
- Fastigial
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| Cerebellar cortex |
- Molecular layer
- Stellate cell
- Basket cell
- Purkinje cell layer
- Purkinje cell
- Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell
- Granule cell layer
- Golgi cell
- Granule cell
- Unipolar brush cell
- Fibers: Mossy fibers
- Climbing fiber
- Parallel fiber
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| White matter |
| Internal |
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| Peduncles |
- Inferior (medulla): Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Cuneocerebellar tract
- Juxtarestiform body (Vestibulocerebellar tract)
- Middle (pons): Pontocerebellar fibers
- Superior (midbrain): Ventral spinocerebellar tract
- Dentatothalamic tract
- Trigeminocerebellar fibers
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
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Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
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| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
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| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
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| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
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| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
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- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
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| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
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| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
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| nigrostriatal pathway: |
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| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
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| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
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Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
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| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- [Experimental studies of the localization of neural centers in the ovaries and fallopian tubes in cows].
- Flieger S, Boratyński Z, Welento J, Eustachiewicz R, Szalak M, Krzyzanowski J, Sławomirski J.
- Polskie archiwum weterynaryjne.Pol Arch Weter.1984;24(2):261-73.
- For the studies 4 sexually mature cows were used, in which ovaria and oviducts were cut out bilaterally or unilaterally. The fourth cow was the control of the experiment. The operated animals were kept alive for 21 days and then slaughtered. For studies were taken: the brain stem, spinal cord from t
- PMID 6537495
Related Links
- anterior spinocerebellar tract n. A bundle of fibers that originates in the posterior horn along the spinal cord, crosses to the opposite side, ascends peripherally in the ventral half of the lateral funiculus through the rhombencephalon ...
- Medical Definition of Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior 1. A bundle of fibres originating in the base of the posterior horn and zona intermedia throughout lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord, crossing to the opposite side and ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- anterior spinocerebellar tract
- ラ
- tractus spinocerebellaris anterior
- 同
- ガワーズ路 Gowers tract、腹側脊髄小脳路 ventral spinocerebellar tract
- 関
- 後脊髄小脳路、脊髄小脳路
[★]
- 関
- anterioris、anteriorly、before、fore、former、pre、prior
[★]
- 関
- tractus