小脳赤核路
WordNet
- a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet (同)pamphlet
- an extended area of land (同)piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
- a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 広大な土地(地域),(土地・海・空などの)広がり《+of+名》 / (器官の)管,(神経の)索
- (おもに宗教・政治などの宣伝用の)小冊子,パンフレット
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- H2O2 induces delayed hyperexcitability in nucleus tractus solitarii neurons.
- Ostrowski TD1, Hasser EM1, Heesch CM1, Kline DD2.Author information 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Electronic address: klinedd@missouri.edu.AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a stable reactive oxygen species and potent neuromodulator of cellular and synaptic activity. Centrally, endogenous H2O2 is elevated during bouts of hypoxia-reoxygenation, a variety of disease states, and aging. The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is the central termination site of visceral afferents for homeostatic reflexes and contributes to reflex alterations during these conditions. We determined the extent to which H2O2 modulates synaptic and membrane properties in nTS neurons in rat brainstem slices. Stimulation of the tractus solitarii (which contains the sensory afferent fibers) evoked synaptic currents that were not altered by 10-500μM H2O2. However, 500μM H2O2 modulated several intrinsic membrane properties of nTS neurons, including a decrease in input resistance (Ri), hyperpolarization of resting membrane potential (RMP) and action potential (AP) threshold (THR), and an initial reduction in AP discharge to depolarizing current. H2O2 increased conductance of barium-sensitive potassium currents, and block of these currents ablated H2O2-induced changes in RMP, Ri and AP discharge. Following washout of H2O2 AP discharge was enhanced due to depolarization of RMP and a partially maintained hyperpolarization of THR. Hyperexcitability persisted with repeated H2O2 exposure. H2O2 effects on RMP and THR were ablated by intracellular administration of the antioxidant catalase, which was immunohistochemically identified in neurons throughout the nTS. Thus, H2O2 initially reduces excitability of nTS neurons that is followed by sustained hyperexcitability, which may play a profound role in cardiorespiratory reflexes.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Mar 14;262:53-69. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.055. Epub 2014 Jan 4.
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a stable reactive oxygen species and potent neuromodulator of cellular and synaptic activity. Centrally, endogenous H2O2 is elevated during bouts of hypoxia-reoxygenation, a variety of disease states, and aging. The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is the central terminati
- PMID 24397952
- Nesfatin-1 increases energy expenditure and reduces food intake in rats.
- Wernecke K1, Lamprecht I, Jöhren O, Lehnert H, Schulz C.Author information 1Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Luebeck, Germany.AbstractObjective: Energy homeostasis results from a balance of food intake and energy expenditure, accomplished by the interaction of peripheral and central nervous signals. The recently discovered adipokine nesfatin-1 is involved in the central control of food intake, but whether it also participates in the regulation of thermogenesis is unknown. Design and Methods: We administered nesfatin-1 intracerebroventricularly to freely moving, male Wistar rats and performed direct calorimetry to assess its effects on thermogenesis. Furthermore, we measured food intake and determined hypothalamic and N. tractus solitarius neuropeptide expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Leptin, which is involved in both the regulation of food intake and thermogenesis, was used as positive control. Results: We could for the first time show that central nervous administration of nesfatin-1 profoundly increases thermogenesis in rats to a similar extent as leptin and confirmed the role of both peptides in the control of food intake. Nesfatin-1 significantly downregulated neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in both hypothalamus and N. tractus solitarius. Conclusions: The results of our strongly support the prominent role of nesfatin-1 for both food intake and energy expenditure and neuropeptide Y neurons appear to be involved in this effect.
- Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.).Obesity (Silver Spring).2014 Mar 5. doi: 10.1002/oby.20736. [Epub ahead of print]
- Objective: Energy homeostasis results from a balance of food intake and energy expenditure, accomplished by the interaction of peripheral and central nervous signals. The recently discovered adipokine nesfatin-1 is involved in the central control of food intake, but whether it also participates in t
- PMID 24596169
- Sudden infant death following hexavalent vaccination: a neuropathologic study.
- Matturri L, Del Corno G, Lavezzi AM1.Author information 1"Lino Rossi" Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy, Via della Commenda, 19 - 20122 Milan, Italy. anna.lavezzi@unimi.it.AbstractWe examined a large number of sudden infant death syndrome victims in order to point out a possible causal relationship between a previous hexavalent vaccination and the sudden infant death. We selected 110 cases submitted to in-depth histological examination of the autonomic nervous system and provided with detailed clinical and environmental information. In 13 cases (11.8%) the death occurred in temporal association with administration of the hexavalent vaccine (from 1 to 7 days). In none of these victims congenital developmental alterations of the main nervous structures regulating the vital functions were observed. Only the hypoplasia of the arcuate nucleus was present in 5 cases. In one case in particular an acquired hyperacute encephalitis of the tractus solitarii nucleus was diagnosed in the brainstem. This study does not prove a causal relationship between the hexavalent vaccination and SIDS. However, we hypothesize that vaccine components could have a direct role in sparking off a lethal outcome in vulnerable babies. In conclusion, we sustain the need that deaths occurring in a short space of time after hexavalent vaccination are appropriately investigated and submitted to a post-mortem examination particularly of the autonomic nervous system by an expert pathologist to objectively evaluate the possible causative role of the vaccine in SIDS.
- Current medicinal chemistry.Curr Med Chem.2014 Mar;21(7):941-6.
- We examined a large number of sudden infant death syndrome victims in order to point out a possible causal relationship between a previous hexavalent vaccination and the sudden infant death. We selected 110 cases submitted to in-depth histological examination of the autonomic nervous system and prov
- PMID 24083600
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- cerebellorubral tract
- ラ
- tractus cerebellorubralis
[★]
- 関
- tractus