WordNet

either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx (同)palatine_tonsil, faucial_tonsil, tonsilla

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扁桃腺(へんとうせん)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/15 11:23:50」(JST)

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The cerebellar tonsil is analogous to a rounded lobule on the undersurface of each cerebellar hemisphere, continuous medially with the uvula of the cerebellar vermis and superiorly by the flocculonodular lobe (source: Biology Online) Synonyms include: tonsilla cerebelli, amygdala cerebelli, the latter of which is not to be confused with the cerebral tonsils or amydgala nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. The flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum which can also be confused for the cerebellar tonsils, is one of three lobes that make up the overall composition of the cerebellum. The cerebellum consists of three anatomical and functional lobes: anterior lobe, posterior lobe, and flocculonodular lobe.

Elongation of the cerebellar tonsils can, due to pressure, lead to this portion of the cerebellum to slip or be pushed through the foramen magnum of the skull resulting is tonsillar herniation. This is a life-threatening condition as it causes increased pressure on the medulla oblongata which contains respiratory and cardiac control centres.

Pathology

A Type I Arnold-Chiari malformation is a congenital anomaly of the brain in which the cerebellar tonsils are elongated and pushed down through the opening of the base of the skull (see foramen magnum), blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as it exits through the medial and lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle. Also called tonsillar herniation. Although congenital, CM signs can also be induced due to physical head trauma, commonly from raised intracranial pressure secondary to a hematoma.

Additional images

Human cerebellum anterior view
Human brain midsagittal view
Cerebellum. Inferior surface.
Cerebellum. Inferior surface.
Cerebellum. Inferior surface.

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This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 髄膜腫：臨床症状および診断 meningioma clinical presentation and diagnosis
2. 成人における硬膜下血腫：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 subdural hematoma in adults etiology clinical features and diagnosis
3. 小児における硬膜下血腫：疫学、解剖学、および病態生理 intracranial subdural hematoma in children epidemiology anatomy and pathophysiology
4. 母斑性基底細胞癌症候群 nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
5. キアリ奇形 chiari malformations

English Journal

[Anatomy of the cerebellar arteries].

Amarenco P1, Hauw JJ.
Revue neurologique.Rev Neurol (Paris).1989;145(4):267-76.
Origin, course and distribution of the cerebellar arteries and of their branches are described. Anatomical drawings of the territory of these arteries are presented. They are based on a neuropathological study of 64 cases of cerebellar infarctions, the detailed study of which is reported elsewhere.
PMID 2535662

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「小脳扁桃」
関連記事	「cerebelli」

「小脳扁桃」

Brain: Cerebellar tonsil
	Anterior view of the cerebellum. (Tonsil visible at center right.)
	Sagittal section of the cerebellum, near the junction of the vermis with the hemisphere. (Tonsil visible at bottom center.)
Latin	tonsilla cerebelli
Gray's	p.791
Part of	Cerebellum
Artery	PICA
NeuroNames	hier-668
NeuroLex ID	nlx_anat_20081212