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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/02 21:40:46」(JST)

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Tonofibrils are cytoplasmic protein structures in epithelial tissues^[1] that converge at desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.

Tonofilaments are also associated with desmosomes (macula adherens), anchoring them to the cytoskeleton.

Composition

They are made of keratin (a type of intermediate filament in the cytoskeleton) tonofilaments.^[2] Tonofilaments are keratin intermediate filaments that make up tonofibrils in epithelial tissue. In epithelial cells, tonofilaments loop through desmosomes.

The protein filaggrin is believed to have an important role in holding them together as tonofibrils.

References

^ "tonofibril" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Yoon KH, Yoon M, Moir RD, Khuon S, Flitney FW, Goldman RD (April 2001). "Insights into the dynamic properties of keratin intermediate filaments in living epithelial cells". J. Cell Biol. 153 (3): 503–16. doi:10.1083/jcb.153.3.503. PMC 2190576. PMID 11331302.

External links

Diagram at ultrakohl.com

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English Journal

Plectin regulates invasiveness of SW480 colon carcinoma cells and is targeted to podosome-like adhesions in an isoform-specific manner.

McInroy L, Maatta A.AbstractCo-ordination of cytoskeletal networks and their dynamics is an essential feature of cell migration and cancer cell invasion. Plectin is a large cytolinker protein that influences tissue integrity, organisation of actin and intermediate filaments, and cell migration. Alternatively spliced plectin isoforms are targeted to different subcellular locations. Here, we show that plectin ablation by siRNA impaired migration, invasion and adhesion of SW480 colon carcinoma cells. A previously less well characterised plectin isoform, plectin-1k, co-localised with epithelial integrins, N-WASP, cortactin, and dynamin in podosome-like adhesions in invasive SW480 colon carcinoma cells. Transfection of alternative plectin N-terminal constructs demonstrated that the first exons of isoforms 1k, 1 and 1d can target the actin-binding domain of plectin to podosome-like adhesions. Finally, Plectin-1k N-terminus rescued adhesion site formation in plectin knock-down cells. Thus, plectin participates in actin assembly and invasiveness in carcinoma cells in an isoform-specific manner.
Experimental cell research.Exp Cell Res.2011 Oct 15;317(17):2468-78. Epub 2011 Jul 29.
Co-ordination of cytoskeletal networks and their dynamics is an essential feature of cell migration and cancer cell invasion. Plectin is a large cytolinker protein that influences tissue integrity, organisation of actin and intermediate filaments, and cell migration. Alternatively spliced plectin is
PMID 21821021

Japanese Journal

Oral Candidiasis: A Histopathological, Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study

International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 12(3), 171-182, 2014
… Ultrastructually, Candidal hyphe internalized into the epithelial cytoplasmic vacuole resembling endocytosis.Destruction of desmosomal cell junction and deficit of tonofilament was also observed at the tip of the hypha. …
NAID 130003395899

Astroblastoma : Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of distinctive epithelial and probable tanycytic differentiation

KUBOTA Toshihiko,SATO Kazufumi,ARISHIMA Hidetaka,TAKEUCHI Hiroaki,KITAI Ryuhei,NAKAGAWA Takao
Neuropathology : official journal the Japanese Society of Neuropathology 26(1), 72-81, 2006-02-01
… The fine structure revealed divergent types of junctional complexes, some of which were connected with tonofilament bundles. …
NAID 10020387417

D-バリン培地法により選択的に初代培養したラット胆管上皮細胞に対する Phospholipase A_2 の細胞増殖促進効果の解析

小倉薫,渡辺泰宏,平峯千春,中川利孝,土岐彰,徳田雅明
岡山醫學會雜誌 114(3), 289-296, 2003-01-31
… They were stained with anti-cytokeratin antibody, a marker protein of epithelial cells, were positive with PAS stain, and possessed the architectures of microvilli, tonofilament fibers and desmosomes. …
NAID 10012337225