WordNet
- relating to or being the keynote of a major or minor scale; "tonic harmony"
- a medicine that strengthens and invigorates (同)restorative
- (music) the first note of a diatonic scale (同)keynote
- lime- or lemon-flavored carbonated water containing quinine (同)tonic_water, quinine water
- used of syllables; "a tonic syllables carries the main stress in a word" (同)accented
- employing variations in pitch to distinguish meanings of otherwise similar words; "Chinese is a tonal language" (同)tonal
- of or relating to or producing normal tone or tonus in muscles or tissue; "a tonic reflex"; "tonic muscle contraction"
- a violent disturbance; "the convulsions of the stock market" (同)turmoil, upheaval
- violent uncontrollable contractions of muscles
- a physical disturbance such as an earthquake or upheaval
- of or relating to abnormal neuromuscular activity characterized by rapidly alternating muscle contraction and relaxation; "clonic spasm"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 強壮剤;養毛剤,ヘアトニック / (精神的に)元気付けるもの / =tonic water / 主音(音階の中心となる第1音) / 強壮にする,元気付ける / 音調の / (音楽で)主音の
- 《複数形で》けいれん,ひきつけ / 《複数形で》とめどもない大笑い / 震動,激動;動乱
- (重量単位の)『トン』 / (容積単位の)トン(物によって異なり,木材では40立方フィート,小麦では20立方フィート) / 《話》大量(の…),多数(の…)《+of+名》
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 成人におけるてんかんのマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of epilepsy in adults
- 2. 新生児痙攣の臨床的特徴、評価、および診断 clinical features evaluation and diagnosis of neonatal seizures
- 3. 成人におけるてんかんの外科的治療 surgical treatment of epilepsy in adults
- 4. 成人における初回痙攣発作の評価 evaluation of the first seizure in adults
- 5. 小児における痙攣およびてんかん：分類、病因、および臨床的特徴 seizures and epilepsy in children classification etiology and clinical features
English Journal
- Limbic system activation is affected by prenatal predator exposure and postnatal environmental enrichment and further moderated by dam and sex.
- Korgan AC1, Green AD1, Perrot TS2, Esser MJ3.Author information 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.2Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. Electronic address: tara.perrot@dal.ca.3Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, IWK Health Care Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.AbstractEpilepsy is a relatively common and chronic neurological condition, affecting 1-2% of the population. However, understanding of the underlying pathophysiology remains incomplete. To identify potential factors in the early environment that may increase the risk for experiencing seizures, maternal stress and environmental enrichment (EE) were utilized. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were exposed to an ethologically relevant predator stress (PS) and maternal glucocorticoid (GC) response was assessed across the exposure period. At birth, litters were divided into standard care (SC) and EE groups until postnatal day 14 (PD14) when a model of febrile convulsions was used to determine seizure susceptibility of the various groups. Pup brains were then processed for immunohistochemical detection of FosB from several structures in the limbic system as a measure of neuronal activation. Maternal PS-induced GC levels were elevated early in the exposure period, and pup birth weights, in both sexes, were lower in litters from dams exposed to PS. Seizure scores at PD14 were highly individualized and litter dependent, suggesting a dam-dependent and variable effect of controlled pre- and postnatal environmental factors. Further, analysis of FosB-immunoreactive (-ir) patterns revealed an activity dependent distribution, reflecting individual seizure susceptibility. EE had a varying effect on FosB-ir that was dependent on region. In the hippocampus FosB-ir levels were greater in the EE groups while extra-hippocampal regions showed lower levels of FosB-ir. Our results support the concept that pre- and postnatal environmental influences affect fetal programming and neurodevelopment of processes that could underlie seizure susceptibility, but that the magnitude of these effects appears to be dam- or litter-dependent.
- Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2014 Feb 1;259:106-18. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.037. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
- Epilepsy is a relatively common and chronic neurological condition, affecting 1-2% of the population. However, understanding of the underlying pathophysiology remains incomplete. To identify potential factors in the early environment that may increase the risk for experiencing seizures, maternal str
- PMID 24185030
- Central nervous system toxicity.
- Ruha AM, Levine M.Author information Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Center for Toxicology and Pharmacology Education and Research, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 925 East McDowell Road, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA. Electronic address: Michelle.ruha@bannerhealth.com.AbstractCentral nervous system toxicity caused by xenobiotic exposure is a common reason for presentation to the emergency department. Sources of exposure may be medicinal, recreational, environmental, or occupational; the means of exposure may be intentional or unintended. Toxicity may manifest as altered thought content resulting in psychosis or confusion; may affect arousal, resulting in lethargy, stupor, or coma; or may affect both elements of consciousness. Seizures may also occur.
- Emergency medicine clinics of North America.Emerg Med Clin North Am.2014 Feb;32(1):205-21. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2013.09.004.
- Central nervous system toxicity caused by xenobiotic exposure is a common reason for presentation to the emergency department. Sources of exposure may be medicinal, recreational, environmental, or occupational; the means of exposure may be intentional or unintended. Toxicity may manifest as altered
- PMID 24275175
- Chromosomal microarray analysis of consecutive individuals with autism spectrum disorders or learning disability presenting for genetic services.
- Roberts JL1, Hovanes K2, Dasouki M3, Manzardo AM1, Butler MG4.Author information 1Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, The University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.2CombiMatrix Diagnostics, Irvine, CA, USA.3Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.4Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, The University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. Electronic address: mbutler4@kumc.edu.AbstractChromosomal microarray analysis is now commonly used in clinical practice to identify copy number variants (CNVs) in the human genome. We report our experience with the use of the 105K and 180K oligonucleotide microarrays in 215 consecutive patients referred with either autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or developmental delay/learning disability for genetic services at the University of Kansas Medical Center during the past 4years (2009-2012). Of the 215 patients [140 males and 75 females (male/female ratio=1.87); 65 with ASD and 150 with learning disability], abnormal microarray results were seen in 45 individuals (21%) with a total of 49 CNVs. Of these findings, 32 represented a known diagnostic CNV contributing to the clinical presentation and 17 represented non-diagnostic CNVs (variants of unknown significance). Thirteen patients with ASD had a total of 14 CNVs, 6 CNVs recognized as diagnostic and 8 as non-diagnostic. The most common chromosome involved in the ASD group was chromosome 15. For those with a learning disability, 32 patients had a total of 35 CNVs. Twenty-six of the 35 CNVs were classified as a known diagnostic CNV, usually a deletion (n=20). Nine CNVs were classified as an unknown non-diagnostic CNV, usually a duplication (n=8). For the learning disability subgroup, chromosomes 2 and 22 were most involved. Thirteen out of 65 patients (20%) with ASD had a CNV compared with 32 out of 150 patients (21%) with a learning disability. The frequency of chromosomal microarray abnormalities compared by subject group or gender was not statistically different. A higher percentage of individuals with a learning disability had clinical findings of seizures, dysmorphic features and microcephaly, but not statistically significant. While both groups contained more males than females, a significantly higher percentage of males were present in the ASD group.
- Gene.Gene.2014 Feb 1;535(1):70-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.020. Epub 2013 Nov 2.
- Chromosomal microarray analysis is now commonly used in clinical practice to identify copy number variants (CNVs) in the human genome. We report our experience with the use of the 105K and 180K oligonucleotide microarrays in 215 consecutive patients referred with either autism or autism spectrum dis
- PMID 24188901
Japanese Journal
- Thoracocervicofacial purpura and hypoxemia after generalized tonic-clonic seizure
- Matsuoka Daisuke,Hashimoto Takao,Kashima Takeshi
- Epilepsy & Seizure 3(1), 19-23, 2010
- … We report a case of a 41-year-old man who showed thoracocervicofacial purpura after generalized tonic-clonic convulsion. …
- NAID 130000255357
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Dissecting Aneurysm in a Juvenile
- FUKUSHIMA Shintaro,HIROHATA Masaru,OKAMOTO Yuji,YAMASHITA Shin,ISHIDA Shigenobu,SHIGEMORI Minoru
- Neurologia medico-chirurgica 49(2), 81-84, 2009-02-15
- … A 15-year-old girl presented with a distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) dissecting aneurysm manifesting as sudden onset of general tonic-clonic convulsion while singing a song. …
- NAID 110007124655
- 症例 アルコール離脱症候群に伴う強直性間代性痙攣発作と著しい高CPK血症を呈した大酒家の1例
- 杉山 正樹,渡部 朋幸,小野寺 尚 [他]
- 内科 102(3), 609-611, 2008-09
- NAID 40016205023
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★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「強直間代発作」「grand mal convulsion」「grand mal seizure disorder」「grand mal epilepsy」 |
| 関連記事 | 「tonic」「convulsion」「clonic」 |
「強直間代発作」
- 英
- tonic-clonic seizure
- 同
- 強直間代痙攣 tonic-clonic convulsion、強直間代てんかん tonic-clonic epilepsy
- 関
- てんかん、大発作 grand mal
<youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nds2U4CzvC4</youtube>
「grand mal convulsion」
「grand mal seizure disorder」
「grand mal epilepsy」
「tonic」
- adj.
- 緊張性の、強直性の、持続性の、強精の
- 関
- analeptic、ankylosing、ankylosis、ankylotic、catatonic、continuous、continuously、insurmountable、long-lasting、permanent、persistent、persistently、persisting、repository、rigidity、sustained、tetanic、tetanize、tetany、tonically
「convulsion」
- n.
- 関
- clonic seizure、convulse、convulsive、convulsive seizure、cramp、focal seizure、generalized seizure、Jacksonian seizure、jerk、motor seizure、seizure、sensory seizure、somatosensory seizure、spasm、spasticity、tonic seizure、tonic-clonic seizure
「clonic」
- adj.
- 間代性の(痙攣)、クローヌス性の