WordNet

used to signify the Union forces in the American Civil War (who wore blue uniforms); "a ragged blue line"
blue color or pigment; resembling the color of the clear sky in the daytime; "he had eyes of bright blue" (同)blueness
any of numerous small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
blue clothing; "she was wearing blue"
any organization or party whose uniforms or badges are blue; "the Union army was a vast blue"
of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky; "Octobers bright blue weather"- Helen Hunt Jackson; "a blue flame"; "blue haze of tobacco smoke" (同)bluish, blueish
causing dejection; "a blue day"; "the dark days of the war"; "a week of rainy depressing weather"; "a disconsolate winter landscape"; "the first dismal dispiriting days of November"; "a dark gloomy day"; "grim rainy weather" (同)dark, dingy, disconsolate, dismal, gloomy, grim, sorry, drab, drear, dreary
suggestive of sexual impropriety; "a blue movie"; "blue jokes"; "he skips asterisks and gives you the gamy details"; "a juicy scandal"; "a naughty wink"; "naughty words"; "racy anecdotes"; "a risque story"; "spicy gossip" (同)gamy, gamey, juicy, naughty, racy, risque, spicy
morally rigorous and strict; "the puritan work ethic"; "puritanic distaste for alcohol"; "she was anything but puritanical in her behavior" (同)puritanic, puritanical
turn blue
a state of depression; "he had a bad case of the blues" (同)blue devils, megrims, vapors, vapours
a type of folksong that originated among Black Americans at the beginning of the 20th century; has a melancholy sound from repeated use of blue notes
a process that makes something blue (or bluish) (同)blueing
used to whiten laundry or hair or give it a bluish tinge (同)blueing, blue

PrepTutorEJDIC

『青い』,あい色の / 青黒い / 《話》陰気な,憂うつな / 〈U〉『青色』,あい色;青色の着物 / 〈U〉〈C〉青色絵の具,あい色染料 / 《the~》《詩》青空,青い海 / 《the blues》《話》気のふさぎ,うれいの色 / 《the blues》《ときに単数扱い》(ジャズ音楽の)ブルース / …'を'青色にする
= bluing

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/09 20:56:38」(JST)

wiki en

Tolonium chloride (INN, also known as toluidine blue or TBO) is a blue cationic (basic) dye used in histology and sometimes clinically.

Test for lignin

Toluidine blue solution is used in testing for lignin, a complex organic molecule that bonds to cellulose fibres and strengthens and hardens the cell walls in plants. A positive toluidine blue test causes the solution to turn from blue to pink. A similar test can be performed with phloroglucinol-HCl solution, which turns red.

Other histological uses

Toluidine Blue is often used to identify mast cells, by virtue of the heparin in their cytoplasmic granules.^[1] It is also used to stain proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in tissues such as cartilage. The strongly acidic macromolecular carbohydrates of mast cells and cartilage are coloured red by the blue dye, a phenomenon called metachromasia.

Alkaline solutions of toluidine blue are commonly used for staining semi-thin (0.5 to 1 μm) sections of resin-embedded tissue. At high pH (about 10) the dye binds to nucleic acids and all proteins. Although everything in the tissue is stained, structural details are clearly visible because of the thinness of the sections. Semi-thin sections are used in conjunction with ultra-thin sections examined by electron microscopy.

Clinical uses

The dye is sometimes used by surgeons to help highlight areas of mucosal dysplasia (which preferentially take up the dye compared to normal tissue) in premalignant lesions (e.g. leukoplakia).^[2] This can be used to choose the best site of the lesion to biopsy, or during surgery to remove the lesion to decide whether to remove more tissue from the margins of the excision defect or leave it behind.

References

^ Carson, Freida L; Hladik, Christa (2009). Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text (3 ed.). Hong Kong: American Society for Clinical Pathology Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-89189-581-7.
^ Scully, C; Porter, S (Jul 22, 2000). "ABC of oral health. Swellings and red, white, and pigmented lesions.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 321 (7255): 225–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7255.225. PMC 1118223. PMID 10903660.

Carson FL (1997) Histotechnology. A Self-Instructional Text. 2nd ed. American Society of Clinical Pathologists, Chicago.

Green FJ (1990) The Sigma-Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators. Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Horobin RW, Kiernan JA, Eds (2002) Conn's Biological Stains. A Handbook of Dyes, Stains and Fluorochromes for Use in Biology and Medicine. 10th ed. BIOS, Oxford.

Kiernan JA (2008) Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and Practice. 4th ed. Scion, Bloxham, UK.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 色素内視鏡検査 chromoendoscopy
2. 炎症性腸疾患における大腸癌のサーべイランス colorectal cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease
3. 拡大内視鏡検査 magnification endoscopy
4. バレット食道：狭帯域光観察 barretts esophagus evaluation with narrow band imaging
5. 共焦点レーザー内顕微鏡検査および超拡大内視鏡 confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy

English Journal

Electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous detection of multiplex cancer biomarkers based on graphene nanocomposites.

Chen X, Jia X, Han J, Ma J, Ma Z.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Dec 15;50:356-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.054. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
In this work, a sandwich-format electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was fabricated using biofunctional carboxyl graphene nanosheets (CGS) as immunosensing probes, which were fabricated by means of immobilization of
PMID 23891798

A signal amplification strategy using the cascade catalysis of gold nanoclusters and glucose dehydrogenase for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin.

Han J, Zhuo Y, Chai Y, Gui G, Zhao M, Zhu Q, Yuan R.SourceEducation Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Dec 15;50:161-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.035. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
This work reports a novel signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin by cascade catalysis of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). Herein, the AuNCs prepared by using polyamidoamine dendrimer as template were constructed not only as nanocarriers for a
PMID 23850783

Mechanical and morphological aspects of the calcaneal tendon of mdx mice at 21 days of age.

Nakagaki WR, Tomiosso TC, Pimentel ER, Camilli JA.SourceDepartment of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007).Anat Rec (Hoboken).2013 Oct;296(10):1546-51. doi: 10.1002/ar.22759. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
A relationship between compromised muscles and other tissues has been demonstrated in mdx mouse, an animal model studied for understanding of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The hypothesis is that changes in the calcaneal tendon of mdx mice occur previous to the onset of rigorous and most marked episod
PMID 23934706

Japanese Journal

ラット膝関節における肥満細胞の分布に関する組織化学的研究

大門建夫ダイモンタテオDaimon Tateo,田中結惟タナカユイTanaka Yui,長尾邦彦ナガオクニヒコNagao Kunihiko
帝京平成大学紀要 24(2), 439-444, 2013-03-00
… Toluidine blue or alciane blue positive mast cells were found in the loose connective tissue of the knee joint such as the synovial membrane, the peripheral space of the tendon and the periosteum. …
NAID 120005315015

Oriented cartilage extracellular matrix-derived scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering(CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING)

Jia Shuaijun,Liu Lie,Pan Weimin [他],Meng Guolin,Duan Chunguang,Zhang Laquan,Xiong Zhuo,Liu Jian
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 113(5), 647-653, 2012-05-00
… At 4 weeks, all samples stained positive for safranin O, toluidine blue, and collagen type II, but negative for collagen type I. …
NAID 110009456908

Evaluation of the implant type tissue-engineered cartilage by scanning acoustic microscopy(CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING)

Tanaka Yoko,Saijo Yoshifumi,Fujihara Yuko [他],Yamaoka Hisayo,Nishizawa Satoru,Nagata Satoru,Ogasawara Toru,Asawa Yukiyo,Takato Tsuyoshi,Hoshi Kazuto
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 113(2), 252-257, 2012-02-00
… As the results, images mapping the sound speed exhibited homogenous patterns mainly colored in blue, in all the tissue-engineered cartilage constructs. … Contrarily, the images of the attenuation by SAM showed the variation of color ranged between blue and red. … The low attenuation area colored in red, which meant hard materials, were corresponding to the polymer remnant in the toluidine blue images. …
NAID 110009418678

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「tolonium chloride」
拡張検索	「toluidine blue stain」
関連記事	「blue」「bluing」

「tolonium chloride」

Tolonium chloride
Names
	IUPAC name (7-amino-8-methyl- phenothiazin-3-ylidene)- dimethyl-ammonium
	Other names Toluidine blue O
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	92-31-9
ChemSpider	11239098
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H16N3S.ClH/c1-9-6-13-15(8-11(9)16)19-14-7-10(18(2)3)4-5-12(14)17-13;/h4-8H,16H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 ; Key: HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/C15H16N3S.ClH/c1-9-6-13-15(8-11(9)16)19-14-7-10(18(2)3)4-5-12(14)17-13;/h4-8H,16H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1; Key: HNONEKILPDHFOL-REWHXWOFAY ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
MeSH	Tolonium+chloride
PubChem	7084
	SMILES [Cl-].CN(C)c1ccc2nc3cc(C)c(N)cc3[s+]c2c1 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C15H16N3S+
Molar mass	270.374 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references