関: toluidine blue

WordNet

any compound containing a chlorine atom
any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)

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塩化物

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/06 02:42:22」(JST)

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Tolonium chloride (INN, also known as toluidine blue) is a blue cationic (basic) dye used in histology and sometimes clinically.

Test for lignin[edit]

Toluidine blue solution is used in testing for lignin, a complex organic molecule that bonds to cellulose fibres and strengthens and hardens the cell walls in plants. A positive toluidine blue test causes the solution to turn from blue to blue-green. A similar test can be performed with phloroglucinol-HCl solution, which turns red.

Other histological uses[edit]

Toluidine Blue is often used to identify mast cells, by virtue of the heparin in their cytoplasmic granules.^[1] It is also used to stain proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in tissues such as cartilage. The strongly acidic macromolecular carbohydrates of mast cells and cartilage are coloured red by the blue dye, a phenomenon called metachromasia.

Alkaline solutions of toluidine blue are commonly used for staining semi-thin (0.5 to 1 μm) sections of resin-embedded tissue. At high pH (about 10) the dye binds to nucleic acids and all proteins. Although everything in the tissue is stained, structural details are clearly visible because of the thinness of the sections. Semi-thin sections are used in conjunction with ultra-thin sections examined by electron microscopy.

Clinical uses[edit]

The dye is sometimes used by surgeons to help highlight areas of mucosal dysplasia (which preferentially take up the dye compared to normal tissue) in premalignant lesions (e.g. leukoplakia).^[2] This can be used to choose the best site of the lesion to biopsy, or during surgery to remove the lesion to decide whether to remove more tissue from the margins of the excision defect or leave it behind.

References[edit]

^ Carson, Freida L; Hladik, Christa (2009). Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text (3 ed.). Hong Kong: American Society for Clinical Pathology Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-89189-581-7.
^ Scully, C; Porter, S (2000 Jul 22). "ABC of oral health. Swellings and red, white, and pigmented lesions.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 321 (7255): 225–8. PMID 10903660.

Carson FL (1997) Histotechnology. A Self-Instructional Text. 2nd ed. American Society of Clinical Pathologists, Chicago.

Green FJ (1990) The Sigma-Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators. Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Horobin RW, Kiernan JA, Eds (2002) Conn's Biological Stains. A Handbook of Dyes, Stains and Fluorochromes for Use in Biology and Medicine. 10th ed. BIOS, Oxford.

Kiernan JA (2008) Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and Practice. 4th ed. Scion, Bloxham, UK.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Proteoglycan expression is influenced by mechanical load in TMJ discs.

Nakao Y1, Konno-Nagasaka M2, Toriya N2, Arakawa T3, Kashio H2, Takuma T3, Mizoguchi I2.
Journal of dental research.J Dent Res.2015 Jan;94(1):93-100. doi: 10.1177/0022034514553816. Epub 2014 Oct 27.
The expression and assembly of the extracellular matrix are profoundly associated with adaptive and pathological responses of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To better understand the adaptive responses of the TMJ disc to mechanical loading, we examined the expression of 2 modular proteoglycans an
PMID 25348543
PMID 24967751

Detecting spindle cell squamous cell carcinomas with toluidine blue on frozen sections.

Trieu D1, Drosou A, Goldberg LH, Kimyai-Asadi A.
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].Dermatol Surg.2014 Nov;40(11):1259-60. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000147.
PMID 25310748

「塩化トロニウム」

Tolonium chloride
	IUPAC name (7-amino-8-methyl- phenothiazin-3-ylidene)- dimethyl-ammonium
	Other names Toluidine blue O
Identifiers
CAS number	92-31-9
PubChem	7084
ChemSpider	11239098
MeSH	Tolonium+chloride
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES [Cl-].CN(C)c1ccc2nc3cc(C)c(N)cc3[s+]c2c1 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H16N3S.ClH/c1-9-6-13-15(8-11(9)16)19-14-7-10(18(2)3)4-5-12(14)17-13;/h4-8H,16H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 ; Key: HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M InChI=1/C15H16N3S.ClH/c1-9-6-13-15(8-11(9)16)19-14-7-10(18(2)3)4-5-12(14)17-13;/h4-8H,16H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1; Key: HNONEKILPDHFOL-REWHXWOFAY ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C15H16N3S+
Molar mass	270.374 g/mol
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: tolonium chloride
関: トルイジンブルー

「chloride」

　　[★] 塩素イオン　　　

[1] Carson, Freida L; Hladik, Christa (2009). Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text (3 ed.). Hong Kong: American Society for Clinical Pathology Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-89189-581-7.

[Scully_2000-2] Scully, C; Porter, S (2000 Jul 22). "ABC of oral health. Swellings and red, white, and pigmented lesions.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 321 (7255): 225–8. PMID 10903660.

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tolonium chloride