time-consuming

　

WordNet

1. of a task that takes time and patience
2. set the speed, duration, or execution of; "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely"
3. a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something; "take time to smell the roses"; "I didnt have time to finish"; "it took more than half my time"
4. a suitable moment; "it is time to go"
5. adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time; "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely"
6. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time"
7. regulate or set the time of; "time the clock"
8. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
9. an instance or single occasion for some event; "this time he succeeded"; "he called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip" (同)clip
10. a persons experience on a particular occasion; "he had a time holding back the tears"; "they had a good time together"
11. assign a time for an activity or event; "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene"
12. shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii (同)Cordyline terminalis
13. the syllable naming the seventh (subtonic) note of any musical scale in solmization (同)te, si
14. the regulation of occurrence, pace, or coordination to achieve a desired effect (as in music, theater, athletics, mechanics)
15. the time when something happens
16. very intense; "politics is his consuming passion"; "overwhelming joy" (同)overwhelming
17. a more or less definite period of time now or previously present; "it was a sign of the times"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉《冠詞をつけずに》(空間に対しての)『時間』,時 / 〈U〉(時計で示される)『時刻』 / 〈U〉(ある方式で決められる)『時間』,標準時 / 〈C〉〈U〉(特定の)『時』,おり,ころ / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある長さの)『時間』,期間 / 〈U〉(要する)『時間』;暇 / 《しばしば複数形で》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 《複数形で》時勢,景気 / 《one's ~》(個人の)一生;若いころ;生涯の特定の時期 / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある経験をした)『時間』 / 〈C〉『…回』,度 / 〈C〉『…倍』 / …の時間を定める / (…に)…の調子を合わせる《+名+to+名》 / …の時間を計る
2. シ(全音階の第7音)
3. 時間の調節;時間を測定[記録]すること
4. 焼き尽くす,破壊的な / 圧倒的な,抵抗しがたい
5. …掛ける

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/22 22:33:08」(JST)

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For other uses, see Cost (disambiguation).

"Expenditure" redirects here. For personal consumption expenditure, see Consumption (economics).

Accounting
Historical cost accounting Constant purchasing power accounting Management accounting Tax accounting
Major types of accounting Auditing Cost Forensic Financial Fund Governmental
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In production, research, retail, and accounting, a cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something, and hence is not available for use anymore. In business, the be one(?) of acquisition, in which case the amount of money expended to acquire it is counted as cost. In this case, money is the input that is gone in order to acquire the thing. This acquisition cost may be the sum of the cost of production as incurred by the original producer, and further costs of transaction as incurred by the acquirer over and above the price paid to the producer. Usually, the price also includes a mark-up for profit over the cost of production.

More generalized in the field of economics, cost is a metric that is totaling up as a result of a process or as a differential for the result of a decision. Hence cost is the metric used in the standard modeling paradigm applied to economic processes.

Costs (pl.) are often further described based on their timing or their applicability.

Types of accounting costs

Main articles: accounting cost, opportunity cost, historical cost, marginal cost, sunk cost and transaction cost

In accounting, costs are the monetary value of expenditures for supplies, services, labor, products, equipment and other items purchased for use by a business or other accounting entity. It is the amount denoted on invoices as the price and recorded in bookkeeping records as an expense or asset cost basis.

Opportunity cost, also referred to as economic cost is the value of the best alternative that was not chosen in order to pursue the current endeavor—i.e., what could have been accomplished with the resources expended in the undertaking. It represents opportunities forgone.

In theoretical economics, cost used without qualification often means opportunity cost.

Comparing private, external, and social costs

Main articles: Externality and social cost

When a transaction takes place, it typically involves both private costs and external costs.

Private costs are the costs that the buyer of a good or service pays the seller. This can also be described as the costs internal to the firm's production function.

External costs (also called externalities), in contrast, are the costs that people other than the buyer are forced to pay as a result of the transaction. The bearers of such costs can be either particular individuals or society at large. Note that external costs are often both non-monetary and problematic to quantify for comparison with monetary values. They include things like pollution, things that society will likely have to pay for in some way or at some time in the future, but that are not included in transaction prices.

Social costs are the sum of private costs and external costs.

For example, the manufacturing cost of a car (i.e., the costs of buying inputs, land tax rates for the car plant, overhead costs of running the plant and labor costs) reflects the private cost for the manufacturer (in some ways, normal profit can also be seen as a cost of production; see, e.g., Ison and Wall, 2007, p. 181). The polluted waters or polluted air also created as part of the process of producing the car is an external cost borne by those who are affected by the pollution or who value unpolluted air or water. Because the manufacturer does not pay for this external cost (the cost of emitting undesirable waste into the commons), and does not include this cost in the price of the car (a Kaldor-Hicks compensation), they are said to be external to the market pricing mechanism. The air pollution from driving the car is also an externality produced by the car user in the process of using his good. The driver does not compensate for the environmental damage caused by using the car.

Cost estimation

Main articles: Cost estimation, Cost overrun and parametric estimating

When developing a business plan for a new or existing company, product, or project, planners typically make cost estimates in order to assess whether revenues/benefits will cover costs (see cost-benefit analysis). This is done in both business and government. Costs are often underestimated, resulting in cost overrun during execution.

Cost-plus pricing, is where the price equals cost plus a percentage of overhead or profit margin.

Manufacturing Costs vs. Non-manufacturing Costs

Manufacturing Costs are those costs that are directly involved in manufacturing of products. Examples of manufacturing costs include raw materials costs and charges related to workers. Manufacturing cost is divided into three broad categories:

1. Direct materials cost.
2. Direct labor cost.
3. Manufacturing overhead cost.

Non-manufacturing Costs are those costs that are not directly incurred in manufacturing a product. Examples of such costs are salary of sales personnel and advertising expenses. Generally non-manufacturing costs are further classified into two categories:

1. Selling and distribution Costs.
2. Administrative Costs.

Other costs

A defensive cost is an environmental expenditure to eliminate or prevent environmental damage. Defensive costs form part of the genuine progress indicator (GPI) calculations.

Labour on=costs would include travel time, holiday pay, training costs, working clothes, social insurance, taxes on employment &c.

Path cost is a term in networking to define the worthiness of a path, see Routing.

See also

• Average cost
• Cost accounting
• Cost curve
• Expense
• Externality
• Fixed costs

• Incremental costs
• Life cycle costs
• Outline of industrial organization
• Price

• Repugnancy costs
• Semi variable costs
• Total cost
• Variable costs

References

Further reading

• William Baumol (1968), Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings.
• Stephen Ison and Stuart Wall (2007), Economics, 4th Edition, Harlow, England; New York: FT Prentice Hall.
• Israel Kirzner (1979), Perception, Opportunity and Profit, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

UpToDate Contents

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Japanese Journal

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Related Links

• time-consumingの意味 - 英和辞書 - goo辞書

time-consumingの意味は？英和辞書。goo辞書は無料で使える日本最大級の辞書 サービスです。

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関連記事	「time」「timing」

「time」

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• 時間, 時, 時期, 期間, ～倍の

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• in time

関

duration、fold、hour、hr、long-term effect、moment、period、phase、stage、term

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「timing」

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• n.

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