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small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
suggestive of a thyroid disorder; "thyroid personality"
of or relating to the thyroid gland; "thyroid deficiency"; "thyroidal uptake" (同)thyroidal
of or relating to or constituting a follicle

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
甲状腺 / 甲状腺の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/15 13:52:30」(JST)

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For other uses, see Granulosa cells.

Thyroid epithelial cells (also called follicular cells or principal cells) are cells in the thyroid gland that are responsible for the production and secretion of thyroid hormones, that is, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Function[edit]

Thyroid hormone synthesis.^[1]

The thyroid epithelial cells take up iodine and amino acids from the blood circulation on the basolateral side, synthesize thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase from amino acids and secrete these into the thyroid follicles together with iodine. The thyroid epithelial cells can subsequently take up iodinated thyroglobulin from the follicles by endocytosis, extract thyroid hormones from it with the help of proteases and subsequently release thyroid hormones to the blood.

These thyroid hormones are transported throughout the body where they control metabolism (which is the conversion of oxygen and calories to energy). Every cell in the body depends upon thyroid hormones for regulation of their metabolism. The normal thyroid gland produces about 80% T4 and about 20% T3, however, T3 is about four times as potent as T4.

Iodine transport[edit]

Iodine is taken up on the basolateral side of the thyroid epithelial cells by sodium-iodide symporters.^[2] It is secreted into the follicle through the chloride/iodide transporter pendrin on the apical side.

Structure and development[edit]

They are simple cuboidal epithelium and are arranged in spherical follicles surrounding colloid. The interiors of one of these follicles is known as the follicular lumen.

They have thyrotropin receptors on their surface, which respond to thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Embryologic origin is from a median endodermal mass in the region of the tongue (foramen cecum) in contrast to the parafollicular (C) cells that arise from the 4th branchial pouch.

Relationship to other cell types[edit]

Calcitonin-producing parafollicular cells (C cells) can be found scattered along the basement membrane of the thyroid epithelium.

Embryologic origin of these C-cells is neural crest, from the ultimobranchial body (4th pharyngeal pouch).

References[edit]

^ Walter F., PhD. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ Levy, O.; Dai, G.; Riedel, C.; Ginter, C. S.; Paul, E. M.; Lebowitz, A. N.; Carrasco, N. (1997). "Characterization of the thyroid Na+/I− symporter with an anti-COOH terminus antibody". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 (11): 5568–5573. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.5568L. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5568. PMC 20819. PMID 9159113. edit

External links[edit]

Anatomy Atlases - Microscopic Anatomy, plate 15.287
BU Histology Learning System: 14302loa

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 濾胞性甲状腺癌の概要 overview of follicular thyroid cancer
2. 浸潤性甲状腺疾患 infiltrative thyroid disease
3. 甲状腺結節および非髄様甲状腺癌におけるオンコジーンおよび腫瘍抑制遺伝子 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in thyroid nodules and nonmedullary thyroid cancer
4. 甲状腺結節の診断的アプローチおよび治療 diagnostic approach to and treatment of thyroid nodules
5. 甲状腺ホルモンに対する感受性の傷害 impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone

English Journal

Presence and Distribution of Urocortin and Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in the Bovine Thyroid Gland.

Squillacioti C1, De Luca A, Alì S, Ciarcia R, Germano G, Vittoria A, Mirabella N.
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia.Anat Histol Embryol.2014 Dec;43(6):429-434. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12094. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
Urocortin (UCN), a 40 amino acid peptide, is a corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)-related peptide. The biological actions of CRH family peptides are mediated via two types of G-protein-coupled receptors, CRH type 1 (CRHR1) and CRH type 2 (CRHR2). The aim of this study was to investigate the expr
PMID 24219151

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid with concomitant papillary carcinoma: comparison of findings on fine-needle aspiration biopsy and histology.

Nath V1, Parks GE, Baliga M, Hartle EO, Geisinger KR, Shenoy V.
Endocrine pathology.Endocr Pathol.2014 Dec;25(4):427-32. doi: 10.1007/s12022-014-9338-3.
We report two cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the thyroid gland coexisting with, and possibly arising in, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In the first case, CT-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed on a paratracheal mass representing extrathyroidal invasion of a right thyr
PMID 25307114

Pharmacological suppression of the Ras/MAPK pathway in thyroid carcinoma cells can provoke opposite effects on cell migration and proliferation: The appearance of yin-yang effects and the need of combinatorial treatments.

Glassmann A1, Winter J2, Kraus D3, Veit N4, Probstmeier R4.
International journal of oncology.Int J Oncol.2014 Dec;45(6):2587-95. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2668. Epub 2014 Sep 23.
A major challenge in tumor therapy is the decrease or even the halting of cell proliferation and migration of cancerous cells. In the present study, we have analyzed the impact of a pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways on cell migration, proliferation and cell
PMID 25269412

Japanese Journal

Promoting effects of carminic acid-enriched cochineal extracts on capsular invasive thyroid carcinomas through targeting activation of angiogenesis in rats

Kemmochi Sayaka,Shimamoto Keisuke,Shiraki Ayako [他]
The Journal of toxicological sciences 37(3), 475-482, 2012-06
NAID 40019352927

甲状腺腫瘍組織における転写抑制因子PLZFの発現パターンについての検討

松澤和彦
米子医学雑誌 63(1), 15-21, 2012-01
… Moreover, PLZF affects the key element of cell cycle progression such as cyclin A. … So far, the functional role of PLZF in thyroid cells remains unclear. … In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of PLZF in thyroid neoplasms. …
NAID 40019197027