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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/09 18:06:08」(JST)

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Thrombopoiesis refers to the process of thrombocyte generation.^[1]^[2] Thromobocytes are ligations of the cytoplasm from megakaryocytes. A single megakaryocyte can give rise to thousands of thrombocytes.

The term "thrombocytopoiesis" is sometimes used to emphasize the cellular nature.

Thrombopoietin stimulates megakaryopoiesis, the process of megakaryocyte maturation and differentiation. Thrombopoietin, upon release, binds to its receptor, c-mpl, found on megakaryocyte progenitor cells. Following binding, intracellular signalling leads to megakaryocyte growth, maturation, membrane stability, platelet granule formation and the demarcation of the cytoplasm into regions destined to fragment into mature platelets. These "proplatelet processes" further fragment into platelets. This last step of proplatelet process and platelet formation, in vitro, has been shown to be independent of thrombopoietin.

References

^ Thrombopoiesis at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ SCHULMAN I, PIERCE M, LUKENS A, CURRIMBHOY Z (July 1960). "Studies on thrombopoiesis. I. A factor in normal human plasma required for platelet production; chronic thrombocytopenia due to its deficiency". Blood 16: 943–57. PMID 14443744.

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1. 巨核球の生物学と血小板の産生 megakaryocyte biology and the production of platelets
2. 血小板産生因子の臨床応用 clinical applications of thrombopoietic growth factors
3. トロンボポエチンの生物学および生理学 biology and physiology of thrombopoietin
4. 小児における血小板減少症の原因 causes of thrombocytopenia in children
5. ビタミンB12および葉酸欠乏症の生理学 physiology of vitamin b12 and folate deficiency

English Journal

The Role of β-Catenin in Bcr/Abl Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Geduk A1, Atesoglu EB2, Tarkun P2, Mehtap O2, Hacihanefioglu A2, Demirsoy ET2, Baydemir C3.
Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia.Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk.2015 Dec;15(12):785-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.08.084. Epub 2015 Sep 3.
INTRODUCTION: β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that acts as a central effector molecule in the Wnt signaling pathway. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway causes various diseases including cancer. In this study we evaluated β-catenin expression in bcr/abl-negative myel
PMID 26422250

Immature platelet fraction measurement is influenced by platelet size and is a useful parameter for discrimination of macrothrombocytopenia.

Miyazaki K, Koike Y, Kunishima S, Ishii R, Danbara M, Horie R, Yatomi Y, Higashihara M.
Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Hematology.2015 Dec;20(10):587-92. doi: 10.1179/1607845415Y.0000000021. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
Background Reticulated platelets (RPs) as measured using flow cytometry are useful parameters of thrombopoiesis; however, difficulties remain with standardization between laboratories. On the other hand, immature platelet fraction (IPF) measurement, as determined using an automated hematology analyz
PMID 26035037

Analyses of Genetic and Clinical Parameters for Screening Patients With Inherited Thrombocytopenia with Small or Normal-Sized Platelets.

Ouchi-Uchiyama M1,2, Sasahara Y1, Kikuchi A1, Goi K3, Nakane T3, Ikeno M4, Noguchi Y5, Uike N6, Miyajima Y7, Matsubara K8, Koh K9, Sugita K3, Imaizumi M2, Kure S1.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2015 Dec;62(12):2082-8. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25668. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
BACKGROUND: Childhood thrombocytopenias include immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and inherited thrombocytopenia; the former is caused by autoantibodies to platelets, whereas the latter can be distinguished by platelet size and underlying genetic mutations. Due to limited methods for the definit
PMID 26175287

Japanese Journal

Pluripotent stem cells reveal the developmental biology of human megakaryocytes and provide a source of platelets for clinical application.

Takayama Naoya,Eto Koji
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 69(20), 3419-3428, 2012-10
… Megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets can be created from human ESCs and iPSCs in vitro and represent a potential source of blood cells for transfusion and a promising tool for studying the human thrombopoiesis. … Combining this co-culture system with a drug-inducible gene expression system enabled us to clarify the novel role played by c-MYC during human thrombopoiesis. …
NAID 120004920418