tetrazolium

テトラゾリウム

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/28 16:37:52」(JST)

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Reduction of a tetrazolium to a formazan. The "Rs" stand-in for various organic groups that define the various tetrazolium salts and provide their unique chemical characteristics.

Formazan dyes are artificial chromogenic products of the reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases and reductases. They have a variety of colors from dark blue to deep red to orange, depending on the original tetrazolium salt used as the substrate for the reaction.

Leading examples of tetrazolium salts include:

1. INT or 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, which is water-insoluble.
2. MTT or 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, which is water-insoluble and used in the MTT assay.
3. XTT or 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide, which is water-soluble.
4. MTS or 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, which is water-soluble and used in the MTS assay.
5. TTC or tetrazolium chloride or 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, which is water-soluble.
6. NBT used in a diagnostic test, particularly for chronic granulomatous disease and other diseases of phagocyte function.

When reduced in a cell, either enzymatically or through direct reaction with NADH or NADPH, the classical tetrazolium salt, MTT, turns blue to purple and may form an insoluble precipitate. These formazan dyes are commonly used in cell proliferation and toxicity assays like the EpiDerm and EpiSkin tests since they only stain living, metabolically active cells.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 2. 好中球減少症および好中球機能不全の検査での評価 laboratory evaluation of neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction
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• 4. 免疫系の臨床検査評価 laboratory evaluation of the immune system
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English Journal

• Synthesis, CMC determination, and intercalative binding interaction with nucleic acid of a surfactant-copper(II) complex with modified phenanthroline ligand (dpq).

• Nagaraj K1, Ambika S, Arunachalam S.
• Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics.J Biomol Struct Dyn.2015 Feb;33(2):274-88. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2013.879837. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
• A surfactant-copper(II) complex, [Cu(dpq)2DA](ClO4)2 (dpq = dipyrido[3,2-d:2'-3'-f]quinoxaline; DA-dodecylamine), was synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, UV-vis, IR, and EPR spectra. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of this surfactant-copper(II) comple
• PMID 24471652

• Potent Anticancer Effects of Bioactive Mushroom Extracts (Phellinus linteus) on a Variety of Human Cancer Cells.

• Konno S, Chu K, Feuer N, Phillips J, Choudhury M.
• Journal of clinical medicine research.J Clin Med Res.2015 Feb;7(2):76-82. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
• BACKGROUND: Although several therapeutic options are currently available for patients with various cancers, the outcomes are often disappointing and a more effective modality needs to be promptly established. We have been exploring an alternative approach using natural agents and two bioactive mushr
• PMID 25436023

• Vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory study of 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide.

• Li R1, Mao Z1, Chen L1, Lv H2, Cheng J3, Zhao B4.
• Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Jan 25;135:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.084. Epub 2014 Jun 22.
• In this work, the structural parameters of the title molecule (MTT) have been obtained at the B3LYP/6-311++G(**) level of theory. The two phenyl rings and the two heterocyclic rings are found in four different planes. The tetrazolium ring was connected with other three rings and their distances are
• PMID 25036642

Japanese Journal

• Disinfection of Streptococcus mutans biofilm by a non-thermal atmospheric plasma brush

• Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 55(7S2), 07LG02, 2016-06-14
• NAID 150000112851

• Cultural, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Analyses of Water-Stressed Cells of Actinobacterial Strains Isolated from Compost : Ecological Implications in the Fed-Batch Composting Process

• Microbes and environments 31(2), 127-136, 2016-06
• NAID 40020858522

• テトラゾリウム塩を用いた細菌の電気化学的センシング

• Proceedings of the Chemical Sensor Symposium 60, 24-26, 2016-03
• NAID 40020817622

Related Links

• Nitro Blue Tetrazolium 298-83-9 | 東京化成工業株式会社

[Nitro Blue Tetrazolium] [298-83-9] | 価格や在庫、物性値などの詳細情報ページです。 ... ・川口の在庫は即日，つくばの在庫は2〜3日以内の出荷となります。・詳細につきましては，お手数ですが営業部までお問い合わせください。

• Cell Viability Assays - Assay Guidance Manual - NCBI Bookshelf

Tetrazolium Reduction Assays A variety of tetrazolium compounds have been used to detect viable cells. The most commonly used compounds include: MTT, MTS, XTT, and WST-1. These compounds fall into two basic ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「テトラゾリウム」
拡張検索	「methylthiazole tetrazolium」「nitroblue tetrazolium」

「テトラゾリウム」

　　[★]

英

tetrazolium

関

テトラゾール

• テトラゾールの共役塩基をテトラゾリウム (tetrazolium) と呼ぶ。MTTアッセイ法による細胞増殖試験では、テトラゾリウム塩であるMTT試薬(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) が生細胞中のみでホルマザン色素に代謝されることを利用し、吸光度を測定することで細胞数が測定できる。
• http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%BE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB

「methylthiazole tetrazolium」

　　[★]

メチルチアゾールテトラゾリウム

関

MTT

「nitroblue tetrazolium」

　　[★] ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム