WordNet

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
the positively charged dense center of an atom

PrepTutorEJDIC

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 症候性（二次性）ミオクローヌス symptomatic secondary myoclonus
2. 統合失調症と物質使用障害の併発：疫学、病因、臨床症状、および診断 co occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorder epidemiology pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis
3. パーキンソン病の病因および発症機序 etiology and pathogenesis of parkinson disease
4. 換気調節 control of ventilation
5. 閉じ込め症候群 locked in syndrome

Nicotine and ethanol cooperate to enhance ventral tegmental area AMPA receptor function via α6-containing nicotinic receptors.

Engle SE1, McIntosh JM2, Drenan RM3.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2015 Apr;91:13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.014. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Nicotine + ethanol co-exposure results in additive and/or synergistic effects in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine (DA) pathway, but the mechanisms supporting this are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that nAChRs containing α6 subunits (α6* nAChRs) are involve
PMID 25484253

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone modulates ethanol self-administration in posterior ventral tegmental area through melanocortin-4 receptors.

Shelkar GP1, Kale AD, Singh U, Singru PS, Subhedar NK, Kokare DM.
Addiction biology.Addict Biol.2015 Mar;20(2):302-15. doi: 10.1111/adb.12126. Epub 2014 Mar 18.
Although the role of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in alcohol seeking behaviour in rats has been demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Herein, we test the hypothesis that α-MSH might have a permissive effect in promoting the reward action of ethanol. Rats were
PMID 24635847

Li X1, Wolf ME2.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2015 Feb 15;279C:240-254. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.018. Epub 2014 Nov 15.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been found to play roles in many types of plasticity including drug addiction. Here, we focus on rodent studies over the past two decades that have demonstrated diverse roles of BDNF in models of cocaine addiction. First, we will provide an overview of st
PMID 25449839

Critical role of cholinergic transmission from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus to the ventral tegmental area in cocaine-induced place preference

Shinohara Fumiya,Kihara Yukari,Ide Soichiro,Minami Masabumi,Kaneda Katsuyuki
Neuropharmacology 79, 573-579, 2014-04
… However, the contribution of cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to cocaine CPP remains largely unexplored. … Here, we examined the role of cholinergic input arising from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) to the VTA in the acquisition and expression of cocaine CPP in rats. …
NAID 120005367413

Projections of nucleus accumbens adenosine A2A receptor neurons in the mouse brain and their implications in mediating sleep-wake regulation

Zhang Jian-Ping,Xu Qi,Yuan Xiang-Shan,Cherasse Yoan,Schiffmann Serge N.,de Kerchove d'Exaerde Alban,Qu Wei-Min,Urade Yoshihiro,Lazarus Michael,Huang Zhi-Li,Li Rui-Xi,ラザルスミハエル,裏出良博
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 7, 43, 2013-12
… Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A) Rs) in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the arousal effect of adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine, and may be involved in physiological sleep. … In the forebrain, A(2A) R neurons from all Acb sub-regions jointly projected to the ventral pallidum, the nucleus of the diagonal band, and the substantia innominata. …
NAID 120005367979

Three types of neurochemical projection from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the ventral tegmental area in adult mice.

Kudo Takehiro,Uchigashima Motokazu,Miyazaki Taisuke,Konno Kohtarou,Yamasaki Miwako,Yanagawa Yuchio,Minami Masabumi,Watanabe Masahiko
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 32(50), 18035-18046, 2012-12-12
… Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play crucial roles in motivational control of behaviors, and their activity is regulated directly or indirectly via GABAergic neurons by extrinsic afferents from various sources, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). …
NAID 120005295648