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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/06/12 15:45:24」(JST)

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The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid.

Structure

The superior tarsal muscle originates on the underside of levator palpebrae superioris and inserts on the superior tarsal plate of the eyelid.

Nerve supply

The superior tarsal muscle receives its innervation from the sympathetic nervous system. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in the superior cervical ganglion, and travel via the internal carotid plexus, where small branches communicate with the oculomotor nerve as it passes through the cavernous sinus.^[1] The sympathetic fibres continue to the superior division of the oculomotor nerve, where they enter the superior tarsal muscle on its inferior aspect.

Function

The superior tarsal muscle works to keep the upper eyelid raised after the levator palpebrae superioris has raised the upper eyelid.

Clinical significance

Damage to some elements of the sympathetic nervous system can inhibit this muscle, causing a drooping eyelid (partial ptosis). This is seen in Horner's syndrome. The ptosis seen in Horner's syndrome is of a lesser degree than is seen with an oculomotor nerve palsy.

History

The muscle derives its name from Greek ταρσός, meaning 'flat surface', typically used for drying.

The term Müller's muscle is sometimes used as a synonym.^[2] However, the same term is also used for the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle,^[3]^[4] and also for the orbitalis muscle that covers the inferior orbital fissure. Given the possible confusion, the use of the term Müller's muscle should be discouraged unless the context removes any ambiguity.

References

^ Snell R, Lemp M (1998). Clinical Anatomy of the Eye (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9780632043446.^{[page needed]}
^ van der Werf F, Baljet B, Prins M, Timmerman A, Otto JA (June 1993). "Innervation of the superior tarsal (Müller's) muscle in the cynomolgus monkey: a retrograde tracing study". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 34 (7): 2333–40. PMID 7685010.
^ doctor/2564 at Who Named It?
^ "Glossary of Eponyms". Retrieved 2008-02-23.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 筋力低下患者へのアプローチapproach to the patient with muscle weakness [show details]
… thyroid myopathy, and the inherited metabolic myopathies. True muscle weakness is documented by formal muscle testing. The strength of each muscle can be assessed by determining how much force is required by …
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… foot muscles occur with more advanced disease. Prior to the availability of biologic medications, from 5 to 25 percent of RA patients had electrophysiologic abnormalities characteristic of tarsal tunnel …
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…subcutaneous tissues, and the striated orbicularis muscle. The posterior lamella includes the tarsal plate, a layer of smooth muscle (Muller palpebral muscle), and the bulbar conjunctiva. Reconstruction of …
4. まぶた裂傷eyelid lacerations [show details]
… inferior, anterior edge of the tarsal plate, while Mueller muscle attaches more superiorly along the upper margin of the tarsus. The anatomy of the lacrimal system, also known as the tear drainage system …
5. 顔面裂傷の評価およびマネージメントassessment and management of facial lacerations [show details]
…structures which have cosmetic and functional importance. Lacerations involving the orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plate, the lacrimal apparatus, and the margin of the lids often warrant repair by a surgical …

English Journal

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging study of a normal tarsal joint in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris).

Arencibia A, Matos J, Encinoso M, Gil F, Artiles A, Martínez-Gomariz F, Vázquez JM.
BMC veterinary research. 2019 Apr;15(1)126.
In this research, using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we provide a thorough description of the standard appearance of a right tarsal joint in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris). CT scans were performed using a bone and soft tissue window setting, and three-dimensional
PMID 31035987
PMID 31082008

Types of materials for frontalis sling surgery for congenital ptosis.

Rosenberg JB, Andersen J, Barmettler A.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2019 04;4()CD012725.
Congenital ptosis is a drooping of one or both eyelids at birth, often due to poor development of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. This can result in amblyopia, astigmatism, and ocular torticollis and therefore may necessitate surgical intervention in early childhood if visual development is
PMID 31013353

Japanese Journal

日本医科大学雑誌

Abe Kazumasa,Hashiguchi Hiroshi,Sonoki Kentaro,Iwashita Satoshi,Takai Shinro
日医大誌 86(2), 122-125, 2019
… <p>Approximately 30% of tarsal navicular stress fractures are missed by physicians because plain radiographs often show no diagnostic clues. … Magnetic resonance imaging 6 months after the onset of pain showed a stress fracture of the tarsal navicular bone. … Computed tomography showed the tarsal navicular stress fracture as well as sclerosis at the fracture edges. … We diagnosed a refractory tarsal navicular stress fracture. …
NAID 130007652689

足部皮膚欠損に対する有茎短趾伸筋弁の治療経験

赤羽美香,山内大輔
日本マイクロサージャリー学会会誌 29(3), 167-173, 2016
… Four patients underwent pedicled extensor digitorum brevis ( EDB ) muscle flap surgery for soft tissue defects of the foot. … The EDB muscle flaps used included a reverse muscle flap, turnover EDB muscle flap, and a reverse EDB muscle flap of the lateral tarsal artery. … Skin grafts were transferred to all of the muscle flaps, and complete coverage was obtained in all cases. …
NAID 130005431472

Erratum : 足部皮膚欠損に対する有茎短趾伸筋弁の治療経験

赤羽美香,山内大輔
日本マイクロサージャリー学会会誌 29(3), E167-E173, 2016
… Four patients underwent pedicled extensor digitorum brevis ( EDB ) muscle flap surgery for soft tissue defects of the foot. … The EDB muscle flaps used included a reverse muscle flap, turnover EDB muscle flap, and a reverse EDB muscle flap of the lateral tarsal artery. … Skin grafts were transferred to all of the muscle flaps, and complete coverage was obtained in all cases. …
NAID 130005306531

「tarsal」

Superior tarsal muscle
	The tarsi and their ligaments. Right eye; front view (muscle not labeled but region is visible).
	Sagittal section of right orbital cavity (muscle not labeled but region is visible).
Details
Origin	Underside of levator palpebrae superioris
Insertion	Superior tarsal plate of the eyelid
Artery	Ophthalmic artery
Nerve	Sympathetic nervous system
Actions	Raises the upper eyelid
Identifiers
Latin	Musculus tarsalis superior
TA	A15.2.07.045
FMA	49058
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

足根の、瞼板の

関: tarsi、tarsus

「muscle」

　　[★]

n.

筋肉

[1] Snell R, Lemp M (1998). Clinical Anatomy of the Eye (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9780632043446.^{[page needed]}

[pmid7685010-2] van der Werf F, Baljet B, Prins M, Timmerman A, Otto JA (June 1993). "Innervation of the superior tarsal (Müller's) muscle in the cynomolgus monkey: a retrograde tracing study". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 34 (7): 2333–40. PMID 7685010.

[3] doctor/2564 at Who Named It?

[titleGlossary_of_Eponyms-4] "Glossary of Eponyms". Retrieved 2008-02-23.

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案内

tarsal muscle