WordNet

relating to or designed for or using the singing voice; "vocal technique"; "the vocal repertoire"; "organized a vocal group to sing his compositions"
full of the sound of voices; "a playground vocal with the shouts and laughter of children"
having or using the power to produce speech or sound; "vocal organs"; "all vocal beings hymned their praise"
producing a sensation of touch; "tactile qualities"; "the tactual luxury of stroking silky human hair" (同)tactual

PrepTutorEJDIC

『声の』,音声の / 声に出す,口頭の / 《話》(意見などを)遠慮なくしゃべる,口やかましい / (ポピュラー歌手の)ボーカル
触覚の,触覚による,触知しうる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/03/31 21:00:17」(JST)

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Fremitus is a vibration transmitted through the body.^[1] In common medical usage, it usually refers to assessment of the lungs by either the vibration intensity felt on the chest wall (tactile fremitus) and/or heard by a stethoscope on the chest wall with certain spoken words (vocal fremitus), although there are several other types.

Types

Vocal fremitus

When a person speaks, the vocal cords create vibrations (vocal fremitus) in the tracheobronchial tree and through the lungs and chest wall, where they can be felt (tactile fremitus).^[2] This is usually assessed with the healthcare provider placing the flat of their palms on the chest wall and then asking a patient to repeat a diphthong such as "blue balloons" or "toys for tots" (the original diphthong used was the German word Neunundneunzig but the translation to the English 'ninety nine' was not a diphthong and thus not as effective in eliciting fremitus). An increase in tactile fremitus indicates denser or inflamed lung tissue, which can be caused by diseases such as pneumonia. A decrease suggests air or fluid in the pleural spaces or a decrease in lung tissue density, which can be caused by diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.^[2]

Hepatic fremitus

Hepatic fremitus is a vibration felt over the person's liver. It is thought to be caused by a severely inflamed and necrotic liver rubbing up against the peritoneum. The name 'Monash sign' has been suggested for this clinical sign, after the Monash Medical Centre in Melbourne, Australia.^[3]^{[non-primary source needed]}

Dental fremitus

Fremitus appears when teeth move. This can be assessed by feeling and looking at teeth when the mouth is opened and closed.^[4]

References

^ "fremitus" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ ^a ^b Kacmarek, Robert M.; Stoller, James K.; Heuer, Al (2016-02-05). Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 336. ISBN 9780323393850.
^ Nagappan R, Parkin G, Tsui A, Sievert W (2001). "Hepatic fremitus: 'Monash sign'". Intern Med J. 31 (9): 567–8. doi:10.1046/j.1445-5994.2001.00145.x. PMID 11767877.
^ Jr, Paul A. Levi; Rudy, Robert J.; Jeong, Y. Natalie; Coleman, Daniel K. (2015-12-29). Non-Surgical Control of Periodontal Diseases: A Comprehensive Handbook. Springer. pp. 213–214. ISBN 9783662466230.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における嗄声 hoarseness in adults
2. 声帯ひだ奇異性運動 paradoxical vocal fold motion
3. 小児における嗄声：病因およびマネージメント hoarseness in children etiology and management
4. 小児および成人におけるアナフィラキシーの鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of anaphylaxis in children and adults
5. 小児における急性呼吸窮迫の緊急評価および即時的マネージメント emergent evaluation and immediate management of acute respiratory distress in children

English Journal

Does this patient have a pleural effusion?

Wong CL, Holroyd-Leduc J, Straus SE.SourceDivision of Geriatrics, University of Toronto, and St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association.JAMA.2009 Jan 21;301(3):309-17. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.937.
CONTEXT: Pleural effusion is a common finding among patients presenting with respiratory symptoms. The value of the bedside examination to detect pleural effusion is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence regarding the accuracy of the physical examination in assessing the probabili
PMID 19155458