シナプス結合、シナプス連絡

WordNet

the state or condition of touching or of being in immediate proximity; "litmus paper turns red on contact with an acid"
a thin curved glass or plastic lens designed to fit over the cornea in order to correct vision or to deliver medication (同)contact_lens
the act of touching physically; "her fingers came in contact with the light switch" (同)physical contact
(electronics) a junction where things (as two electrical conductors) touch or are in physical contact; "they forget to solder the contacts" (同)tangency
close interaction; "they kept in daily contact"; "they claimed that they had been in contact with extraterrestrial beings"
the physical coming together of two or more things; "contact with the pier scraped paint from the hull" (同)impinging, striking
a person who is in a position to give you special assistance; "he used his business contacts to get an introduction to the governor" (同)middleman
a communicative interaction; "the pilot made contact with the base"; "he got in touch with his colleagues" (同)touch
(neuroscience) of or involving synapses

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(体・物などの)(…との)『接触』,(…と)触れること《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…との)『連絡』,接続《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…との)『つきあい』,関係,交際《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《話》縁故,つて / 〈U〉(電気の)接触,接続 / 〈C〉(患者と接触した)保菌容疑者 / …'を'接触させる,接続させる / 《話》…‘と'連絡する / 接触による

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1. コンタクトレンズの概要 overview of contact lenses
2. 小児における接触皮膚炎 contact dermatitis in children
3. 成人における刺激性接触皮膚炎 irritant contact dermatitis in adults
4. アレルギー性接触皮膚炎の一般的なアレルゲン common allergens in allergic contact dermatitis
5. アレルギー性接触皮膚炎の基本的機序および病態生理 basic mechanisms and pathophysiology of allergic contact dermatitis

English Journal

Electron tomography on γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses reveals a discontinuous postsynaptic network of filaments.

Linsalata AE, Chen X, Winters CA, Reese TS.Author information Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.AbstractThe regulation of synaptic strength at γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic synapses is dependent on the dynamic capture, retention, and modulation of GABA A-type receptors by cytoplasmic proteins at GABAergic postsynaptic sites. How these proteins are oriented and organized in the postsynaptic cytoplasm is not yet established. To better understand these structures and gain further insight into the mechanisms by which they regulate receptor populations at postsynaptic sites, we utilized electron tomography to examine GABAergic synapses in dissociated rat hippocampal cultures. GABAergic synapses were identified and selected for tomography by using a set of criteria derived from the structure of immunogold-labeled GABAergic synapses. Tomography revealed a complex postsynaptic network composed of filaments that extend ∼100 nm into the cytoplasm from the postsynaptic membrane. The distribution of these postsynaptic filaments was strikingly similar to that of the immunogold label for gephyrin. Filaments were interconnected through uniform patterns of contact, forming complexes composed of 2-12 filaments each. Complexes did not link to form an integrated, continuous scaffold, suggesting that GABAergic postsynaptic specializations are less rigidly organized than glutamatergic postsynaptic densities. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:921-936, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Mar;522(4):921-36. doi: 10.1002/cne.23453.
The regulation of synaptic strength at γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic synapses is dependent on the dynamic capture, retention, and modulation of GABA A-type receptors by cytoplasmic proteins at GABAergic postsynaptic sites. How these proteins are oriented and organized in the postsynaptic cytopla
PMID 23982982

Cell adhesion and homeostatic synaptic plasticity.

Thalhammer A1, Cingolani LA2.Author information 1Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.2Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: lorenzo.cingolani@iit.it.AbstractAt synapses, pre- and post-synaptic cells get in direct contact with each other via cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Several CAMs have been identified at the neuromuscular junction and at central synapses, where they regulate synaptic strength, by recruiting scaffolding proteins, neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic vesicles in response to the binding of counter-receptors across the synaptic cleft. Many synapses are also surrounded by astrocytic processes and embedded in conspicuous extracellular matrix (ECM). It is now widely recognized that astrocytes play a central role in regulating the synaptic machinery by exchanging information with the neuronal elements via diffusible molecules and direct physical interactions; this has lead to the concept of the 'tri-partite synapse'. More recently, the term 'tetra-partite synapse' has been introduced to underlie the importance of ECM in shaping synaptic function by mediating interaction and signaling between neurons and astrocytes. Here, we will review how this integrated view of the synapse can help us understand homeostatic synaptic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction and in the central nervous system. We will explore how synaptic CAMs regulate two forms of homeostatic plasticity: (i) postsynaptic scaling of synaptic currents to counteract changes in neuronal network activity and (ii) the compensatory modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release in response to changes in postsynaptic efficacy. We will discuss recent findings on activity-dependent trans-synaptic signaling events and the role of cell adhesion in the feedback control of network activity. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity'.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2014 Mar;78:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.015. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
At synapses, pre- and post-synaptic cells get in direct contact with each other via cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Several CAMs have been identified at the neuromuscular junction and at central synapses, where they regulate synaptic strength, by recruiting scaffolding proteins, neurotransmitter rec
PMID 23542441

Ultrastructure of cisternal synapses on outer hair cells of the mouse cochlea.

Fuchs PA, Lehar M, Hiel H.Author information Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205; Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205.AbstractC (cisternal) synapses with a near membrane postsynaptic cistern are found on motor neurons and other central neurons, where their functional role is unknown. Similarly structured cisternal synapses mediate cholinergic inhibition of cochlear hair cells via α9α10-containing ionotropic receptors and associated calcium-activated (SK2) potassium channels, providing the opportunity to examine the ultrastructure of genetically altered cisternal synapses. Serial section electron microscopy was used to examine efferent synapses of outer hair cells (OHCs) in mice with diminished or enhanced cholinergic inhibition. The contact area of efferent terminals, the appositional area of the postsynaptic cistern, the distance of the cistern from the plasma membrane, and the average width of the cisternal lumen were recorded. The synaptic cisterns of wild-type OHCs were closely aligned (14-nm separation) with the hair cell membrane and coextensive with the micrometers-long synaptic terminals. The cisternal lumen averaged 18 nm so that the cisternal volume was approximately 30% larger than that of the cytoplasmic space between the cistern and the plasma membrane. Synaptic ultrastructure of α9L9'T knockin OHCs (acetylcholine receptor gain of function) were like those of wild-type littermates except that cisternal volumes were significantly larger. OHCs of SK2 knockout mice had few small efferent terminals. Synaptic cisterns were present, but smaller than those of wild-type littermates. Taken together, these data suggest that the cistern serves as a sink or buffer to isolate synaptic calcium signals. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:717-729, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb 15;522(3):717-29. doi: 10.1002/cne.23478.
C (cisternal) synapses with a near membrane postsynaptic cistern are found on motor neurons and other central neurons, where their functional role is unknown. Similarly structured cisternal synapses mediate cholinergic inhibition of cochlear hair cells via α9α10-containing ionotropic receptors and
PMID 24122766

Japanese Journal

脳虚血後の神経再生―前脳虚血モデルでの検討―

川原信隆
脳卒中 36(3), 216-219, 2014
要旨：近年の再生研究の進歩により，骨髄幹細胞やiPS 細胞などの移植治療が注目を集めている．一方で，内在性神経幹細胞からの再生療法も大きな可能性を秘めている．いずれにおいても神経損傷の形態によって局所環境は大きく異なり，細胞の生着・生存率は大きく変化すると考えられる．我々は，その点で利点があると思われる一過性前脳虚血モデルを用いて，内在性神経再生誘導の検討を加えてきた．その結果，海馬CA1 領域や …
NAID 130004873620

A novel type of cells expressing GP2 in the respiratory epithelium of the paranasal sinuses in mice

, , , ,
Biomedical Research 35(5), 329-337, 2014
… The cells frequently came in contact with nerve fibers containing small synaptic vesicles. …
NAID 130004701683

サル前頭前野電流源パタンの評価

坂本一寛,川口典彦,八木耕平,片山統裕,田中徹,虫明元
生体医工学 52(Supplement), OS-73-OS-74, 2014
… Advances in microfabrication technology have enabled the development of multi-contact electrodes with precise inter-contact spacing from tens to hundreds of micrometers. … Based on the local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from each contact, it is possible to estimate the current source density (CSD), which is considered to reflect synaptic input. …
NAID 130004695932