supraspinatus muscle

棘上筋

WordNet

1. make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
2. animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
3. one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
4. authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
2. 筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/17 23:22:16」(JST)

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Supraspinatus muscle
Position of the supraspinatus muscle (red) seen from the back.
Posterior view of muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. Supraspinatus muscle is labeled in red at right, while it is covered by other muscles at left.
Latin	musculus supraspinatus
Gray's	subject #123 440
Origin	supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion	superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Artery	suprascapular artery
Nerve	suprascapular nerve
Actions	abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus see part on controversy of action.

The supraspinatus (plural supraspinati, from Latin supraspinatus) is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine.

Origin

The supraspinatus muscle arises from the supraspinous fossa, a shallow depression in the body of the scapular above its spine. The supraspinatus muscle tendon passes laterally beneath the cover of the acromion. Research in 1996 showed that the postero-lateral origin was more lateral than classically described.

Insertion

The supraspinatus tendon is inserted into the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

The distal attachments of the three rotator cuff muscles that insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus can be abbreviated as SIT when viewed from superior to inferior (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor).

The acronym SITS regarding the rotator cuff muscles is completed by including the subscapularis muscle, which unlike the other rotator cuff muscles attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

Innervation

The supraspinatus muscle is supplied by the suprascapular nerve (C5 and C6), which arises from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus and passes laterally through the posterior triangle of the neck and through the scapular notch on the superior border of the scapula. After supplying fibers to the supraspinatus muscle, it supplies articular branches to the capsule of the shoulder joint.

This nerve can be damaged along its course in fractures of the overlying clavicle, which can reduce the person’s ability to initiate the abduction.

Action

Contraction of the supraspinatus muscle leads to abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint. It is the main agonist muscle for this movement during the first 10-15 degrees of its arc. Beyond 30 degrees the deltoid muscle becomes increasingly more effective at abducting the arm and becomes the main propagator of this action.

The supraspinatus muscle is one of the musculotendinous support structures called the rotator cuff that surround and enclose the shoulder. It helps to resist the inferior gravitational forces placed across the shoulder joint due to the downward pull from the weight of the upper limb.

The supraspinatus also helps to stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of the humerus firmly pressed medially against the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

For USMLE step 1, know that the supraspinatus initiates abduction of the shoulder. Without a functioning supraspinatus, the physician must start abducting the patient's arm and eventually the patient will be able to finish abduction if the deltoid is functional, which is common because the supraspinatus is innervated by the suprascapular nerve from the superior/upper trunk of the brachial plexus. The deltoid is innervated more distally by the axillary nerve, which arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

Controversy about Action

A 1963 study, "Function of the Supraspinatus Muscle and its Relation to the Supraspinatus syndrome - An experimental in Man" by B Van Linge and J D Mulder in Leiden, Holland showed that the supraspinatus does not cause the abduction of the first 30 degrees, as widely accepted, but rather is a synergist muscle. This means that it assists the deltoid, but is not, by itself the abducting muscle. In this study, the supraspinatus was anaesthetised, and the deltoid muscle was still able to complete a full range of abduction, however was not able to sustain an isometric contraction for more than one minute. From this study, it is suggested that the "true" action of the supraspinatus is to hold the capsule in position to allow greater functional strength and stamina of the deltoid muscle.

Additional images

• Position of the supraspinatus muscle (shown in red). Animation.

• Muscles around the left shoulder, seen from behind.
  3. Latissimus dorsi muscle
  5. Teres major muscle
  6. Teres minor muscle
  7. Supraspinatus muscle
  8. Infraspinatus muscle
  13. long head of Triceps brachii muscle.

• Action of right supraspinatus muscle, anterior view. Three bones shown are acromion (top) and coracoid process (center) of scapula, and humerus (left).

• Diagram of the human shoulder joint

• Left scapula. Dorsal surface.

• Left humerus. Anterior view.

• The scapular and circumflex arteries.

• The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front.

• Suprascapular and axillary nerves of right side, seen from behind.

• The suprascapular, axillary, and radial nerves.

References

External links

• LUC sups
• supraspinatus+muscle at eMedicine Dictionary
• GoogleBody - Supraspinatus muscle

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 肩関節の訴えがある患者の評価 evaluation of the patient with shoulder complaints
• 2. 肩部の身体診察 physical examination of the shoulder
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English Journal

• Normal shoulder muscular activation and co-ordination during a shoulder elevation task based on activities of daily living: An electromyographic study.

• Hawkes DH, Alizadehkhaiyat O, Fisher AC, Kemp GJ, Roebuck MM, Frostick SP.SourceMusculoskeletal Science Research Group, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
• Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.J Orthop Res.2012 Jan;30(1):53-60. doi: 10.1002/jor.21482. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
• Studies of normal shoulder function have often failed to consider the inter-relationship between different muscle groups in activities relevant to daily life. Upper limb functional status was assessed in 12 healthy male volunteers using the Functional Impairment Test-Hand, Neck, Shoulder and Arm tes
• PMID 21674607

• Severe atrophy and fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus muscle due to isolated infraspinatus tendon tear.

• Kolbe AB, Collins MS, Sperling JW.SourceDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, kolbe.amy@mayo.edu.
• Skeletal radiology.Skeletal Radiol.2012 Jan;41(1):107-10. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
• Atrophy of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles is usually caused by chronic rotator cuff tear, but may also derive from suprascapular nerve entrapment at the spinoglenoid notch. Isolated infraspinatus muscle atrophy is uncommon, and typically associates with suprascapular nerve entrapme
• PMID 21918868

Japanese Journal

• 肩腱板断裂患者における臨床像、MRI所見、および病理組織像の関係 : 生検筋組織所見に着目して

• 鶴田 大作,村 成幸,高木 理彰
• 山形大学紀要. 医学 : 山形医学 32(2), 41-49, 2014-08-15
• 【緒言】肩腱板断裂後の腱板筋には脂肪変性が起こるとされている。これまで、解剖用献体を用いた病理組織学的検討や、動物実験における画像所見と病理組織像の比較検討は行われてきたが、有症状の腱板断裂患者における腱板筋の病理学的特徴やそのMRI所見、および臨床病態との関係も明らかではなかった。【目的】肩腱板断裂患者でMRI上みられる脂肪変性所見の病理組織学的特徴およびそれらと術前の臨床像との関係を明らかにす …
• NAID 110009825044

• 肩関節筋骨格モデルを用いた棘上筋腱停止部を偏位させた場合の肩関節周囲筋の筋力推定

• 田中 洋,林 豊彦,乾 浩明 [他]
• 臨床バイオメカニクス 35, 343-349, 2014
• NAID 40020256755

• 胸椎後彎姿勢が肩関節挙上運動時の棘上筋筋厚および肩峰上腕骨間距離に与える影響

• 飯田 尚哉,斎藤 温美,神谷 智昭
• 日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 22(3), 512-518, 2014
• NAID 40020205328

Related Links

• Supraspinatus muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The supraspinatus (plural supraspinati, from Latin supraspinatus) is a relatively small muscle of the upper arm that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「棘上筋」
関連記事	「muscle」

「棘上筋」

　　[★]

英

supraspinatus muscle (KH,KA), supraspinatus (K)

ラ

musculus supraspinatus

関

ローテーターカフ、上肢の筋

• ローテーターカフのうちで唯一の外転筋。ほかは回旋筋 (M.393)
• 上腕の外転を開始し、三角筋による外転を補助する (M.393)

起始

• 肩甲骨(棘上窩)

停止

• 上腕骨(大結節)

神経

• 肩甲上神経

機能

• 肩関節の外転

カテゴリ

肩関節の筋

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

「muscle」

　　[★]

• n.

• 筋肉