WordNet
- (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
- (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
- the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
- (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
- moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
- an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
- of or relating to the staphylococcus bacteria; "a staphylococcal infection"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/06/30 11:52:09」(JST)
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Staphylococcal infection |
SEM micrograph of S. aureus colonies; note the grape-like clustering common to Staphylococcus species.
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Classification and external resources |
Specialty |
Infectious disease |
MeSH |
D013203 |
[edit on Wikidata]
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Staphylococci are a species of Gram-positive bacteria that can cause a wide variety of infections in humans and other animals through infection or the production of toxins. Staphylococcal toxins are a common cause of food poisoning, as they can be produced in improperly-stored food. Staphylococci are also known to be a cause of bacterial conjunctivitis.[1] Staphylococcus aureus can cause a number of different skin diseases.[2] Among neurosurgical patients, it can cause community-acquired meningitis.[3]
Contents
- 1 Types
- 2 Coagulase-positive
- 3 Coagulase-negative
- 4 Etymology
- 5 References
Types
Main Staphylococcus aureus infections |
Type |
Examples |
Localized skin infections |
- Stye' and other small, superficial abscesses in sweat or sebaceous glands
- Subcutaneous abscesses (boils) around foreign bodies
- Large, deep infections (carbuncles) possibly causing bacteremia
- Folliculitis; an infection of a hair follicle
- Ear infections[4]
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Diffuse skin infection
|
|
Deep, localized infections
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- Acute and chronic osteomyelitis
- Septic arthritis
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Other infections
|
- Asthma and rhinitis[5]
- Acute[6] and chronic sinusitis
- Acute infective endocarditis
- Septicemia
- Necrotizing pneumonia
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Toxinoses
|
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Gastroenteritis
- Scalded skin syndrome
|
Unless else specified in boxes, then reference is[7] |
Other infections include:
- Closed-space infections of the fingertips, known as paronychia.
Coagulase-positive
Further information: Staphylococcus aureus § Role in disease
The main coagulase-positive staphylococcus is Staphylococcus aureus, although not all strains of Staphylococcus aureus are coagulase positive. These bacteria can survive on dry surfaces, increasing the chance of transmission. S. aureus is also implicated[8] in toxic shock syndrome; during the 1980s some tampons allowed the rapid growth of S. aureus, which released toxins that were absorbed into the bloodstream. Any S. aureus infection can cause the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a cutaneous reaction to exotoxin absorbed into the bloodstream. It can also cause a type of septicaemia called pyaemia. The infection can be life-threatening. Problematically, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, and is being, MRSA has also been recognized with increasing frequency in community-acquired infections.[9] The symptoms of a Staph Infection include a collection of pus, such as a boil or furuncle, or abscess. The area is typically tender or painful and may be reddened or swollen.[10]
Coagulase-negative
- S. epidermidis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus species, is a commensal of the skin, but can cause severe infections in immune-suppressed patients and those with central venous catheters.
- S. saprophyticus, another coagulase[11]-negative species that is part of the normal vaginal flora, is predominantly implicated in genitourinary tract infections in sexually-active young women.
- In recent years, several other staphylococcal species have been implicated in human infections, notably S. lugdunensis, S. schleiferi, and S. caprae.
Etymology
The generic name Staphylococcus is derived from the Greek word "staphyle," meaning bunch of grapes, and "kokkos," meaning granule. The bacteria, when seen under a microscope, appear like a branch of grapes or berries.
References
- ^ "Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis or Pinkeye) Symptoms, Treatment, Home Remedies, Medication, Causes". MedicineNet. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ^ "Staphylococcus aureus Infections - Infections". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
- ^ Cheng-Ching, Esteban; Chahine, Lama; Baron, Eric P.; Alexander Rae-Grant (28 March 2012). Comprehensive Review in Clinical Neurology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 670. ISBN 9781451153637. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
Neurosurgical patients are predisposed to meningitis with aerobic gram-negative bacilli (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus coagulase negative (such as epidermidis).
- ^ Kurono, Y.; Tomonaga, K.; Mogi, G. (1988-11-01). "Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus in otitis media with effusion". Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery 114 (11): 1262–1265. ISSN 0886-4470. PMID 3262358.
- ^ Pastacaldi, C.; Lewis, P.; Howarth, P. (2011-04-01). "Staphylococci and staphylococcal superantigens in asthma and rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Allergy 66 (4): 549–555. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02502.x. ISSN 1398-9995. PMID 21087214.
- ^ Payne, Spencer C.; Benninger, Michael S. (2007-11-15). "Staphylococcus aureus Is a Major Pathogen in Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis: A Meta-Analysis". Clinical Infectious Diseases 45 (10): e121–e127. doi:10.1086/522763. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 17968816.
- ^ Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 349. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.
- ^ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/staphylococcalinfections.html.
- ^ Sahebnasagh R, Saderi H, Owlia P. Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from clinical samples in Tehran by detection of the mecA and nuc genes. The First Iranian International Congress of Medical Bacteriology; 4–7 September; Tabriz, Iran. 2011. 195 pp.
- ^ http://www.medicinenet.com/staph_infection/article.htm.
- ^ http://www.livestrong.com/article/345449-wrestling-staph-infections/.
- Firmicutes (low-G+C) Infectious diseases
- Bacterial diseases: G+
- primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109
|
|
Bacilli |
Lactobacillales
(Cat-) |
Streptococcus |
α |
optochin susceptible: |
|
|
optochin resistant: |
- Viridans streptococci: S. mitis
- S. mutans
- S. oralis
- S. sanguinis
- S. sobrinus
- milleri group
|
|
|
β |
A: |
- bacitracin susceptible: S. pyogenes
- Group A streptococcal infection
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Scarlet fever
- Erysipelas
- Rheumatic fever
|
|
B: |
- bacitracin resistant, CAMP test+: S. agalactiae
- Group B streptococcal infection
|
|
ungrouped: |
- Streptococcus iniae
- Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection
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|
|
γ |
- D
- BEA+: Streptococcus bovis
|
|
|
Enterococcus |
- BEA+: Enterococcus faecalis
- Enterococcus faecium
|
|
|
Bacillales
(Cat+) |
Staphylococcus |
Cg+: |
- S. aureus
- Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
- Toxic shock syndrome
- MRSA
|
|
Cg-: |
- novobiocin susceptible
- novobiocin resistant
|
|
|
Bacillus |
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
|
|
Listeria |
|
|
|
|
Clostridia |
Clostridium (spore-forming) |
motile: |
- Clostridium difficile
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium tetani
|
|
nonmotile: |
- Clostridium perfringens
- Gas gangrene
- Clostridial necrotizing enteritis
|
|
|
Peptostreptococcus (non-spore forming) |
- Peptostreptococcus magnus
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|
|
Mollicutes |
Mycoplasmataceae |
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Mycoplasma genitalium
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
|
Anaeroplasmatales |
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
|
|
|
Dermatitis and eczema (L20–L30, 690–693,698)
|
|
Atopic dermatitis |
|
|
Seborrheic dermatitis |
- Pityriasis simplex capillitii
- Cradle cap
|
|
Contact dermatitis
(allergic, irritant) |
- plants: Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
- African blackwood dermatitis
- Tulip fingers
- other: Abietic acid dermatitis
- Diaper rash
- Airbag dermatitis
- Baboon syndrome
- Contact stomatitis
- Protein contact dermatitis
|
|
Eczema |
- Autoimmune estrogen dermatitis
- Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
- Breast eczema
- Ear eczema
- Eyelid dermatitis
- Topical steroid addiction
- Hand eczema
- Chronic vesiculobullous hand eczema
- Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis
- Autosensitization dermatitis/Id reaction
- Candidid
- Dermatophytid
- Molluscum dermatitis
- Circumostomy eczema
- Dyshidrosis
- Juvenile plantar dermatosis
- Nummular eczema
- Nutritional deficiency eczema
- Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome
- Xerotic eczema
|
|
Pruritus/Itch/
Prurigo |
- Lichen simplex chronicus/Prurigo nodularis
- by location: Pruritus ani
- Pruritus scroti
- Pruritus vulvae
- Scalp pruritus
- Drug-induced pruritus
- Hydroxyethyl starch-induced pruritus
- Senile pruritus
- Aquagenic pruritus
- Adult blaschkitis
- due to liver disease
- Biliary pruritus
- Cholestatic pruritus
- Prion pruritus
- Prurigo pigmentosa
- Prurigo simplex
- Puncta pruritica
- Uremic pruritus
|
|
Other |
- substances taken internally: Bromoderma
- Fixed drug reaction
- Nummular dermatitis
- Pityriasis alba
- Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Exchange of adsorbed serum proteins during adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to an abiotic surface and Candida albicans hyphae-An AFM study.
- Ovchinnikova ES, van der Mei HC, Krom BP, Busscher HJ.SourceUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.2013 Oct 1;110:45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.015. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
- Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans are the second and third most commonly isolated microorganisms in hospital-related-infections, that are often multi-species in nature causing high morbidity and mortality. Here, adhesion forces between a S. aureus strain and abiotic (tissue-culture-polystyr
- PMID 23707849
- A new anti-infective strategy to reduce the spreading of antibiotic resistance by the action on adhesion-mediated virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus.
- Papa R, Artini M, Cellini A, Tilotta M, Galano E, Pucci P, Amoresano A, Selan L.SourceDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Microbial pathogenesis.Microb Pathog.2013 Oct;63:44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
- Staphylococcus aureus is a flexible microbial pathogen frequently isolated from community-acquired and nosocomial infections. S. aureus expresses a wide array of secreted and cell surface-associated virulence factors, including proteins that promote adhesion to damaged tissue and to the surface of
- PMID 23811076
Japanese Journal
- INTERPLAY BETWEEN AUTOPHAGY AND PATHOGENIC BACTERIA : TOXINS SECRETED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND THEIR IMPACT ON AUTOPHAGY
- Early Staphylococcal Biofilm Formation on Solid Orthopaedic Implant Materials: In Vitro Study
- Influence of antimicrobial regimen on decreased in-hospital mortality of patients with MRSA bacteremia
Related Links
- Staphylococcal Infections Definition Staphylococcal (staph) infections are communicable conditions caused by certain bacteria and generally characterized by the formation of abscesses. They are the leading cause of primary ...
- Staphylococcal infections are a group of infections caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus. You may have heard them referred to as staph infections. ... Introduction Staphylococcal infections are a group of infections caused by ...
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