WordNet

the condition in which a standard has been successfully established; "standardization of nuts and bolts had saved industry millions of dollars" (同)standardisation
the imposition of standards or regulations; "a committee was appointed to recommend terminological standardization" (同)standardisation, normalization, normalisation

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標準化,規格化,統一

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1. 筋骨格系超音波検査：命名法、技術的な懸念、検証、および標準化 musculoskeletal ultrasonography nomenclature technical considerations validation and standardization
2. アレルゲン抽出液の概要 an overview of allergen extracts
3. 手術室における患者の安全性 patient safety in the operating room
4. 漢方薬および栄養補助食品の概要 overview of herbal medicine and dietary supplements
5. 糖尿病における血糖コントロールの評価 estimation of blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus

English Journal

Standardisation of patient outcomes reporting in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Opondo D1, Gravas S, Joyce A, Pearle MS, Matsuda T, Sun YH, Assimos D, Denstedt JD, De La Rosette J.Author information 1Stellenbosch University, Urology, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa ; dedan.opondo@gmail.com.AbstractBackground and Purpose: There exist no global standards for defining patient outcomes in renal stone surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of reporting of outcomes in studies investigating PCNL and to propose standardized consensus definitions for common outcomes. Methods: We performed literature search in PubMed for randomized controlled studies that investigated percutaneous nephrolithotomy between 2002 and 2012. All outcomes reported were analyzed for each study. Each article was examined to identify the definition of each reported patient outcome. Various aspects of patient outcomes were presented to a panel of 85 experts in a Delphi process consisting of three rounds. The experts were asked to select options that they believed would best describe each outcome. Finally, we composed recommendations for definition of the most common outcomes reported in PCNL studies. Results: Eighty-three RCTs were included in the review of patient outcomes. Stone free rate 55 (63.9%), length of stay 47 (56.6%), complication rate 44 (53.0%) and changes in hemoglobin 40 (48.2%) were the most frequently reported outcomes in RCTs of PCNL. Only 24/53 (45.3%) studies had a formal definition of stone free status. Only 31/40 (77.5%) studies, which reported change in hemoglobin, had a unit of measurement however 22/40 (55.0%) did not report the timing of postoperative hemoglobin measurement. A set of recommendations for defining patient outcomes in PCNL is presented for the 15 most commonly reported outcomes in PCNL. Conclusions: Wide variations and under specification exist in the definition and reporting of outcomes in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We propose recommendations for the definition of outcomes based on a review of literature and expert opinion. Standardization of outcome definition and reporting will improve the quality of urological research.
Journal of endourology / Endourological Society.J Endourol.2014 Feb 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Background and Purpose: There exist no global standards for defining patient outcomes in renal stone surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of reporting of outcomes in studies investigating PCNL and to propose standardized consensus definitions for common outcomes. Methods:
PMID 24571713

Evaluating PLATO: postgraduate teaching and learning online.

Brown M1, Bullock A.Author information 1College of Medicine, Swansea University, UKThe Cardiff Unit for Research and Evaluation in Medical and Dental Education (CUREMeDE), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, UK.AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of the Internet as a teaching medium has increased rapidly over the last decade. PLATO (postgraduate learning and teaching online) was launched in 2008 by the e-learning unit (ELU) of Wales Deanery. Located within Learning@NHSWales, a Moodle virtual learning environment (VLE), it hosts a wide range of freely available courses and resources tailored to support the education, training and continuing professional development (CPD) needs of health care professionals working across the National Health Service (NHS) Wales. The evaluation aimed to identify the costs and benefits of PLATO, report its value as attributed by users, identify potential cost savings and make recommendations.
The clinical teacher.Clin Teach.2014 Feb;11(1):10-4. doi: 10.1111/tct.12052.
BACKGROUND: The use of the Internet as a teaching medium has increased rapidly over the last decade. PLATO (postgraduate learning and teaching online) was launched in 2008 by the e-learning unit (ELU) of Wales Deanery. Located within Learning@NHSWales, a Moodle virtual learning environment (VLE)
PMID 24405912

[Quality standards for ultrasound assessment of the superficial venous system of the lower limbs. Report of the French Society for Vascular Medicine].

Auvert JF1, Chleir F2, Coppé G3, Hamel-Desnos C4, Moraglia L5, Pichot O6; SFMV.Author information 18, boulevard de l'Europe, 28100 Dreux, France. Electronic address: jean-francois.auvert@wanadoo.fr.2113, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92200 Neuilly, France; Hôpital Américain de Paris, 92200 Neuilly, France.38, rue Edouard-Robert, 91290 Arpajon, France.4Hôpital privé Saint-Martin, 18, rue des Rocquemonts, 14050 Caen, France.547, cours du Médoc, 33300 Bordeaux, France.67, rue Lesdiguières, 38000 Grenoble, France.AbstractThe quality standards of the French Society for Vascular Medicine for the ultrasound assessment of the superficial venous system of the lower limbs are based on the two following requirements: technical know-how (mastering the use of ultrasound devices and the method of examination); medical know-how (ability to adapt the methods and scope of the examination to its clinical indications and purpose and to rationally analyze and interpret its results).
Journal des maladies vasculaires.J Mal Vasc.2014 Feb;39(1):26-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jmv.2013.12.001. Epub 2014 Jan 18.
The quality standards of the French Society for Vascular Medicine for the ultrasound assessment of the superficial venous system of the lower limbs are based on the two following requirements: technical know-how (mastering the use of ultrasound devices and the method of examination); medical know-ho
PMID 24448056

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