WordNet

(especially of wood) cut or ripped longitudinally with the grain; "we bought split logs for the fireplace"
a bottle containing half the usual amount
a promised or claimed share of loot or money; "he demanded his split before they disbanded"
an increase in the number of outstanding shares of a corporation without changing the shareholders equity; "they announced a two-for-one split of the common stock" (同)stock split, split up
(tenpin bowling) a divided formation of pins left standing after the first bowl; "he was winning until he got a split in the tenth frame"
extending the legs at right angles to the trunk (one in front and the other in back)
a dessert of sliced fruit and ice cream covered with whipped cream and cherries and nuts
a lengthwise crack in wood; "he inserted the wedge into a split in the log"
(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors" (同)cistron, factor
informal term for information; "give me the gen on your new line of computers"
an old Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘を'『縦に割る』,裂く / …‘を'分割する,ばらばらに分ける / 〈利益など〉‘を'『分配する』,分け合う;〈費用など〉‘を'分担する《+『up』+『名』,+『名』+『up』》 / 『割れる』,裂ける / 『壊れる』,砕ける,破裂する;(部分などに)分かれる,分裂する《+『up』》;(…と)けんかする《+『with』+『名』》 / (急いで)去る,帰る(leave);姿を消す / (…の)割れ(裂け)目;ひび《+『in』+『名』》 / 仲間割れ,分裂 / 分け前 / 《しばしば複数形で》(曲芸などの)大股(おおまた)開き / (ボーリングで)スプリット(残ったピンが離れていてスペア(spare)を取りにくい形になること) / 《話》(ソーダ・アルコール飲料などの)小びん / (縦に)裂けた,割れた / 分裂した,分割された
遺伝子

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/11 15:12:39」(JST)

wiki en

An interrupted gene (also called a split gene) is a gene that contains sections of DNA called exons, which are expressed as RNA and protein, interrupted by sections of DNA called introns, which are not expressed.

The DNA sequence in the exon provides instructions for coding proteins. The function of the intron was not understood at first, and they were called noncoding or junk DNA. Split genes were independently discovered by Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp in 1977, for which they shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ^[1] Their discovery implied the existence of then-unknown machinery for splicing out introns and assembling genes; namely, the spliceosome. It was soon accepted that 94% of human genes were interrupted, and perhaps 50% of hereditary diseases involved errors in splicing introns out of interrupted genes.^[2] The best-known example of a disease caused by a splicing error is Beta-thalassemia, in which extra intronic material is erroneously spliced into the gene for making hemoglobin.

Lower eukaryotes, including yeast, have many uninterrupted regions, as they contain long stretches of exons that create the mRNA necessary for the synthesis of proteins. This does not mean, however, that these sections are fully uninterrupted, as tRNA synthesis requires excision of a nucleotide sequence, followed by ligation. Nevertheless, gene interruption is the rule.

Most bacteria have some interruption of some genes. Interrupted genes are universal in eukaryotes; yeasts may display single interruptions of a minority of genes, while in higher organisms most genes are interrupted, some multiple times and with introns that can be longer than exons. Introns are well-conserved across evolutionary history, suggesting their structure has some importance for the organism, and they are longer in advanced organisms (higher plants and animals), whose longer growth and development requires longer sequences of gene activation and down-regulation. Details of the role of introns in the regulation of gene accessibility and transcription have yet to be worked out.

The architecture of the interrupted gene allows for the process of alternative splicing, where various mRNA products can be produced from a single gene.^[2]

References

^ http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/press.html
^ ^a ^b http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2855871/

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English Journal

Label-free luminescent detection of LMP1 gene deletion using an intermolecular G-quadruplex-based switch-on probe.

Wang M1, He B1, Lu L1, Leung CH2, Mergny JL3, Ma DL4.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2015 Aug 15;70:338-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.047. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
We have synthesized a series of luminescent iridium(III) complexes and investigated their ability to act as luminescent split G-quadruplex probes. After screening, the iridium(III) complex 1 [Ir(2-phenylquinoline)2(3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)]PF6 was validated as a highly-selective G-qu
PMID 25840020

Symbiosis island shuffling with abundant insertion sequences in the genomes of extra-slow-growing strains of soybean bradyrhizobia.

Iida T1, Itakura M1, Anda M1, Sugawara M1, Isawa T1, Okubo T1, Sato S1, Chiba-Kakizaki K1, Minamisawa K2.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2015 Jun 15;81(12):4143-54. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00741-15. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
Extra-slow-growing bradyrhizobia from root nodules of field-grown soybeans harbor abundant insertion sequences (ISs) and are termed highly reiterated sequence-possessing (HRS) strains. We analyzed the genome organization of HRS strains with the focus on IS distribution and symbiosis island structure
PMID 25862225

DNA methyltransferase activity detection based on fluorescent silver nanocluster hairpin-shaped DNA probe with 5'-C-rich/G-rich-3' tails.

Liu W1, Lai H1, Huang R1, Zhao C1, Wang Y1, Weng X2, Zhou X3.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2015 Jun 15;68:736-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.02.005. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
DNA methylation has received a large amount of attention due to its close relationship to a wide range of biological phenomena, such as gene activation, gene imprinting, and chromatin stability. Herein, we have designed a hairpin-shaped DNA probe with 5'-C-rich/G-rich-3' tails and developed a simple
PMID 25682501