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of or relating to the spleen (同)splenetic, lienal

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/16 15:10:37」(JST)

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In medicine, splenic infarction is a condition in which oxygen supply to the spleen is interrupted, leading to partial or complete infarction (tissue death due to oxygen shortage) in the organ.^[1]

Splenic infarction occurs when the splenic artery or one of its branches are occluded, for example by a blood clot. Although it can occur asymptomatically, the typical symptom is severe pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, sometimes radiating to the left shoulder. Fever and chills develop in some cases.^[2] It has to be differentiated from other causes of acute abdomen.

An abdominal CT scan is the most commonly used modality to confirm the diagnosis,^[2] although abdominal ultrasound can also contribute.^[3]^[4]^[5]

There is no specific treatment, except treating the underlying disorder and providing adequate pain relief. Splenectomy is only required if complications ensue; surgical removal predisposes to overwhelming post-splenectomy infections.^[6]

In one series of 59 patients, mortality amounted to 5%.^[2] Complications include a ruptured spleen, hemorrhage, splenic abscess (for example, if the underlying cause is endocarditis) or pseudocyst formation. Splenectomy may be warranted for persistent pseudocysts due to the high risk of subsequent rupture.^[7]

Causes

Several factors may increase the tendency for clot formation, such as specific infections (such as infectious mononucleosis ^[8]^{[dubious – discuss]}^{[better source needed]}, cytomegalovirus infection, malaria^[9] or babesiosis^[10]), inherited clotting disorders (thrombophilia, such as Factor V Leiden, antiphospholipid syndrome), malignancy (such as pancreatic cancer) or metastasis, or a combination^[11] of these factors.

In some conditions, blood clots form in one part of the circulatory system and then dislodge and travel to another part of the body, which could include the spleen. These emboligenic disorders include atrial fibrillation, patent foramen ovale, endocarditis or cholesterol embolism.

Splenic infarction is also more common in hematological disorders with associated splenomegaly, such as the myeloproliferative disorders. Other causes of splenomegaly (for example, Gaucher disease or hemoglobinopathies) can also predispose to infarction. Splenic infarction can also result from a sickle cell crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia. Both splenomegaly and a tendency towards clot formation feature in this condition. In sickle cell disease, repeated splenic infarctions lead to a non-function spleen (autosplenectomy).

Any factor that directly compromises the splenic artery can cause infarction. Examples include abdominal traumas, aortic dissection, torsion of the splenic artery (for example, in wandering spleen) or external compression on the artery by a tumor. It can also be a complication of vascular procedures.^[12]

Splenic infarction can be due to vasculitis or diffuse intravascular coagulation. Various other conditions have been associated with splenic infarction in case reporters, for example Wegener's granulomatosis^[13] or treatment with drugs that predispose to vasospasm or thrombosis, like vasoconstrictors used to treat esophageal varices, sumatriptan^[14] or bevacizumab.^[15]

Therapeutic splenic infarction

Splenic infarction can be induced for the treatment of such conditions as portal hypertension or splenic injury.^[16] It can also be used prior to splenectomy for the prevention of blood loss.

References

^ Jaroch MT, Broughan TA, Hermann RE (October 1986). "The natural history of splenic infarction". Surgery 100 (4): 743–50. PMID 3764696.
^ ^a ^b ^c Nores M, Phillips EH, Morgenstern L, Hiatt JR (February 1998). "The clinical spectrum of splenic infarction". Am Surg 64 (2): 182–8. PMID 9486895.
^ Görg C, Seifart U, Görg K (2004). "Acute, complete splenic infarction in cancer patient is associated with a fatal outcome". Abdom Imaging 29 (2): 224–7. doi:10.1007/s00261-003-0108-9. PMID 15290950.
^ O'Keefe JH, Holmes DR, Schaff HV, Sheedy PF, Edwards WD (December 1986). "Thromboembolic splenic infarction". Mayo Clin. Proc. 61 (12): 967–72. PMID 3773568.
^ Frippiat F, Donckier J, Vandenbossche P, Stoffel M, Boland B, Lambert M (1996). "Splenic infarction: report of three cases of atherosclerotic embolization originating in the aorta and retrospective study of 64 cases". Acta Clin Belg 51 (6): 395–402. PMID 8997756.
^ Salvi PF, Stagnitti F, Mongardini M, Schillaci F, Stagnitti A, Chirletti P (2007). "Splenic infarction, rare cause of acute abdomen, only seldom requires splenectomy. Case report and literature review". Ann Ital Chir 78 (6): 529–32. PMID 18510036.
^ Pachter HL, Hofstetter SR, Elkowitz A, Harris L, Liang HG (September 1993). "Traumatic cysts of the spleen--the role of cystectomy and splenic preservation: experience with seven consecutive patients". J Trauma 35 (3): 430–6. doi:10.1097/00005373-199309000-00016. PMID 8371303.
^ Suzuki Y, Shichishima T, Mukae M, et al. (June 2007). "Splenic infarction after Epstein-Barr virus infection in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis". Int. J. Hematol. 85 (5): 380–3. doi:10.1532/IJH97.07208. PMID 17562611.
^ Bonnard P, Guiard-Schmid JB, Develoux M, Rozenbaum W, Pialoux G (January 2005). "Splenic infarction during acute malaria". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 99 (1): 82–6. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.06.005. PMID 15550267.
^ Florescu D, Sordillo PP, Glyptis A, et al. (January 2008). "Splenic infarction in human babesiosis: two cases and discussion". Clin. Infect. Dis. 46 (1): e8–11. doi:10.1086/524081. PMID 18171204.
^ Breuer C, Janssen G, Laws HJ, et al. (December 2008). "Splenic infarction in a patient hereditary spherocytosis, protein C deficiency and acute infectious mononucleosis". Eur. J. Pediatr. 167 (12): 1449–52. doi:10.1007/s00431-008-0781-3. PMID 18604554.
^ Almeida JA, Riordan SM (2008). "Splenic infarction complicating percutaneous transluminal coeliac artery stenting for chronic mesenteric ischaemia: a case report". J Med Case Reports 2: 261. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-261. PMC 2533016. PMID 18684317.
^ Rentsch J, McColl G (June 2000). "Splenic infarction in Wegener's granulomatosis". J. Rheumatol. 27 (6): 1554–5. PMID 10852290.
^ Arora A, Arora S (September 2006). "Spontaneous splenic infarction associated with sumatriptan use". J Headache Pain 7 (4): 214–6. doi:10.1007/s10194-006-0291-5. PMID 16767537.
^ Malka D, Van den Eynde M, Boige V, Dromain C, Ducreux M (December 2006). "Splenic infarction and bevacizumab". Lancet Oncol. 7 (12): 1038. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70980-9. PMID 17138227.
^ Haan JM, Bochicchio GV, Kramer N, Scalea TM (March 2005). "Nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury: a 5-year experience". J Trauma 58 (3): 492–8. doi:10.1097/01.TA.0000154575.49388.74. PMID 15761342.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 脾腫およびその他の脾疾患を有する成人患者に対するアプローチ approach to the adult patient with splenomegaly and other splenic disorders
2. 成人における腹痛の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in adults
3. 成人外傷患者における脾損傷のマネージメント management of splenic injury in the adult trauma patient
4. 鎌状赤血球形質 sickle cell trait
5. ゴーシェ病：病因、臨床症状、および診断 gaucher disease pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

Splenic infarction following conventional open gastrectomy in patients with gastric malignancy: a CT-based study.

Akin K, Kosehan D, Cengiz AY, Dener NC, Koktener A, Inan A, Haltas H, Cakir B.SourceDepartment of Radiology, Fatih University School of Medicine, Alparslan Turkes Cad. No: 57 06510 Emek, Ankara, Turkey, kayihanakin@yahoo.com.
Abdominal imaging.Abdom Imaging.2012 Aug;37(4):609-15.
PURPOSE: The aim of this CT-based study was to investigate the frequency of splenic infarction (SI) following conventional open gastrectomy performed for gastric malignant neoplasms.METHODS: 20 patients who underwent subtotal or total gastrectomy, omentectomy, and D2 lymph node dissections preservin
PMID 22005909

Splenic infarction in a child revealing chronic myeloid leukemia.

Drummond D, Lenoir M, Petit AY.SourceDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), 26, avenue Arnold Netter, 75012, Paris, France.
European journal of pediatrics.Eur J Pediatr.2012 Jul;171(7):1141-2. Epub 2012 Jan 27.
A 7-year-old girl was admitted with a severe abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound and CT revealed a large splenic infarction, leading to the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia.
PMID 22278700

Japanese Journal

Splenic infarction, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and antiphospholipid antibodies associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

YAVASOGLU Irfan,KADIKOYLU Gurhan,BOLAMAN Zahit
International journal of hematology 96(1), 141, 2012-07-01
NAID 10030954820

Splenic infarction, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with infectious mononucleosis

CULL Elizabeth,STEIN Brady L.
International journal of hematology 95(5), 573-576, 2012-05-01
NAID 10030633400

Culture-negative Peritonitis Caused by Splenic Infarction in a Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patient

Yoon Hye Eun,Kim Il,Kim Young Wook,Chung Hyun Wha,Shin Seok Joon
Internal Medicine 51(15), 1997-2000, 2012
… Abdominal CT scan revealed diffuse atherosclerosis in the abdominal vessels and wedge-shaped splenic infarction. … Thus, in peritoneal dialysis patients with diffuse atherosclerosis or the risk of systemic embolization, symptoms of unexplained left upper quadrant pain and culture-negative peritonitis should be evaluated to rule out splenic infarction. …
NAID 130002062275

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「脾臓梗塞」「脾梗塞」
関連記事	「splenic」

「脾臓梗塞」

Splenic infarction
	Classification and external resources
	Two large splenic infarcts, as demonstrated on an abdominal CT scan (white arrows) in a 36-year-old Caucasian woman with acute cytomegalovirus infection. The patient was also found to be heterozygous for the Factor V Leiden mutation.
ICD-10	D73.5
DiseasesDB	12365
MedlinePlus	001293
eMedicine	article/193718
MeSH	D013159

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英: splenic infarction
関: 脾梗塞

-脾梗塞

「脾梗塞」

　　[★]

英: splenic infarction
関: 脾臓梗塞

「splenic」

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adj.

脾臓の

関: spleen

[pmid3764696-1] Jaroch MT, Broughan TA, Hermann RE (October 1986). "The natural history of splenic infarction". Surgery 100 (4): 743–50. PMID 3764696.

[pmid9486895-2] Nores M, Phillips EH, Morgenstern L, Hiatt JR (February 1998). "The clinical spectrum of splenic infarction". Am Surg 64 (2): 182–8. PMID 9486895.

[pmid15290950-3] Görg C, Seifart U, Görg K (2004). "Acute, complete splenic infarction in cancer patient is associated with a fatal outcome". Abdom Imaging 29 (2): 224–7. doi:10.1007/s00261-003-0108-9. PMID 15290950.

[pmid3773568-4] O'Keefe JH, Holmes DR, Schaff HV, Sheedy PF, Edwards WD (December 1986). "Thromboembolic splenic infarction". Mayo Clin. Proc. 61 (12): 967–72. PMID 3773568.

[pmid8997756-5] Frippiat F, Donckier J, Vandenbossche P, Stoffel M, Boland B, Lambert M (1996). "Splenic infarction: report of three cases of atherosclerotic embolization originating in the aorta and retrospective study of 64 cases". Acta Clin Belg 51 (6): 395–402. PMID 8997756.

[pmid18510036-6] Salvi PF, Stagnitti F, Mongardini M, Schillaci F, Stagnitti A, Chirletti P (2007). "Splenic infarction, rare cause of acute abdomen, only seldom requires splenectomy. Case report and literature review". Ann Ital Chir 78 (6): 529–32. PMID 18510036.

[pmid8371303-7] Pachter HL, Hofstetter SR, Elkowitz A, Harris L, Liang HG (September 1993). "Traumatic cysts of the spleen--the role of cystectomy and splenic preservation: experience with seven consecutive patients". J Trauma 35 (3): 430–6. doi:10.1097/00005373-199309000-00016. PMID 8371303.

[pmid17562611-8] Suzuki Y, Shichishima T, Mukae M, et al. (June 2007). "Splenic infarction after Epstein-Barr virus infection in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis". Int. J. Hematol. 85 (5): 380–3. doi:10.1532/IJH97.07208. PMID 17562611.

[pmid15550267-9] Bonnard P, Guiard-Schmid JB, Develoux M, Rozenbaum W, Pialoux G (January 2005). "Splenic infarction during acute malaria". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 99 (1): 82–6. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.06.005. PMID 15550267.

[pmid18171204-10] Florescu D, Sordillo PP, Glyptis A, et al. (January 2008). "Splenic infarction in human babesiosis: two cases and discussion". Clin. Infect. Dis. 46 (1): e8–11. doi:10.1086/524081. PMID 18171204.

[pmid18604554-11] Breuer C, Janssen G, Laws HJ, et al. (December 2008). "Splenic infarction in a patient hereditary spherocytosis, protein C deficiency and acute infectious mononucleosis". Eur. J. Pediatr. 167 (12): 1449–52. doi:10.1007/s00431-008-0781-3. PMID 18604554.

[pmid18684317-12] Almeida JA, Riordan SM (2008). "Splenic infarction complicating percutaneous transluminal coeliac artery stenting for chronic mesenteric ischaemia: a case report". J Med Case Reports 2: 261. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-261. PMC 2533016. PMID 18684317.

[pmid10852290-13] Rentsch J, McColl G (June 2000). "Splenic infarction in Wegener's granulomatosis". J. Rheumatol. 27 (6): 1554–5. PMID 10852290.

[pmid16767537-14] Arora A, Arora S (September 2006). "Spontaneous splenic infarction associated with sumatriptan use". J Headache Pain 7 (4): 214–6. doi:10.1007/s10194-006-0291-5. PMID 16767537.

[pmid17138227-15] Malka D, Van den Eynde M, Boige V, Dromain C, Ducreux M (December 2006). "Splenic infarction and bevacizumab". Lancet Oncol. 7 (12): 1038. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70980-9. PMID 17138227.

[pmid15761342-16] Haan JM, Bochicchio GV, Kramer N, Scalea TM (March 2005). "Nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury: a 5-year experience". J Trauma 58 (3): 492–8. doi:10.1097/01.TA.0000154575.49388.74. PMID 15761342.

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splenic infarction