WordNet
- any shrubby trees or woody vines of the genus Euonymus having showy usually reddish berries (同)spindleberry, spindleberry tree
- bushy deciduous shrub with branches having thin wide corky longitudinal wings; brilliant red in autumn; northeastern Asia to central China (同)Euonymous alatus
- small erect deciduous shrub having tough white wood and cathartic bark and fruit (同)Euonymus europaeus
- plant with trees; "this lot should be treed so that the house will be shaded in summer"
- stretch (a shoe) on a shoetree (同)shoetree
- a figure that branches from a single root; "genealogical tree" (同)tree diagram
- a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
- chase an animal up a tree; "the hunters treed the bear with dogs and killed it"; "her dog likes to tree squirrels"
- any of various rotating shafts that serve as axes for larger rotating parts (同)mandrel, mandril, arbor
- a piece of wood that has been turned on a lathe; used as a baluster, chair leg, etc.
- a stick or pin used to twist the yarn in spinning
- (biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle; "chromosomes are distributed by spindles in mitosis and meiosis"
- English actor and theatrical producer noted for his lavish productions of Shakespeare (1853-1917) (同)Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『木』,樹木;(潅木)(bush, shrub),低木に対し)喬木,高木 / (低木や草質植物でも形が高木に似ている)木; / 木製具 / 久分かれした図;系統図;(特に)家系図(family tree) / 〈動物・人〉‘を'木に通い上げる
- 錘(つむ),紡錘(ぼうすい)(紡いだ糸を巻き付ける両端の細くなった丸い棒) / (機械の)軸,心棒;支軸 / 細長くなる / …‘を'錘の形にする
- ひょろ長い
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/31 12:18:15」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For the mythical figure, see Euonymus (mythology).
| Euonymus |
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| Euonymus europaeus foliage and fruit |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Plantae |
| (unranked): |
Angiosperms |
| (unranked): |
Eudicots |
| (unranked): |
Rosids |
| Order: |
Celastrales |
| Family: |
Celastraceae |
| Subfamily: |
Celastroideae |
| Genus: |
Euonymus
L. |
| Species |
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See text
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| Synonyms |
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Kalonymus (Beck) Prokh.
Pragmotessara Pierre
Pragmotropa Pierre
Quadripterygium Tardieu
Sphaerodiscus Nakai[1]
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Euonymus //, often called spindle or spindle tree,[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. It comprises about 130 species[3][4] of deciduous and evergreen shrubs and small trees. They are mostly native to East Asia, extending to the Himalayas,[5] and they are also distributed in Europe, Australasia, North America, and Madagascar. 50 species are endemic to China.[3]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euonymus. |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Euonymus |
Contents
- 1 Description
- 2 Cultivation and uses
- 3 Diversity
- 4 References
Description
The flowers occur in small groups, inconspicuous and of green or yellow shades.[5] The leaves are opposite (rarely alternate) and simple ovoid, typically 2–15 cm long, and usually with a finely serrated margin. The fruit is a pink-red four- or five-valved pod-like berry, which splits open to reveal the fleshy-coated orange seeds.
The seeds are eaten by frugivorous birds, which digest the fleshy seed coat and disperse the seeds in their droppings. Many species are used for medicinal use, and parts of the plants can be poisonous to humans.[6]
Cultivation and uses
Mature spindle fruit (
Euonymus sp.), split open to reveal the seeds
The wood of some species was traditionally used for the making of spindles for spinning wool; this use is the origin of the English name of the shrubs.
Spindles are popular garden shrubs, grown for their foliage, the deciduous species often exhibiting very bright red autumnal colours, and also for the decorative berries.
Diversity
Euonymus fortunei in a nursery
Species include:[7]
- Euonymus acanthocarpus
- Euonymus acuminifolius[8]
- Euonymus alatus - winged spindle
- Euonymus americanus - strawberry-bush
- Euonymus angulatus
- Euonymus assamicus
- Euonymus atropurpureus - eastern burning-bush
- Euonymus bungeanus - winterberry euonymus
- Euonymus castaneifolius[8]
- Euonymus cochinchinensis
- Euonymus cornutus
- Euonymus dichotomus
- Euonymus echinatus
- Euonymus europaeus - European spindle
- Euonymus fimbriatus
- Euonymus fortunei - Fortune's spindle
- Euonymus frigidus
- Euonymus glandulosus
- Euonymus grandiflorus
- Euonymus hamiltonianus - Hamilton's spindle, Himalayan spindle
- Euonymus japonicus - Japanese spindle, evergreen spindle
- Euonymus javanicus
- Euonymus kiautschovicus - spreading euonymus
- Euonymus kwangtungensis
- Euonymus lanceifolia
- Euonymus latifolius - broadleaf spindle
- Euonymus melananthus
- Euonymus mengtzeanus[4]
- Euonymus morrisonensis
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- Euonymus myrianthus
- Euonymus nanoides
- Euonymus nanus - dwarf spindle
- Euonymus nitidus
- Euonymus obovatus - running strawberry-bush
- Euonymus occidentalis - western burning-bush
- Euonymus oxyphyllus
- Euonymus pallidifolius
- Euonymus paniculatus
- Euonymus pauciflorus
- Euonymus pendulus (syn. E. lucidus)
- Euonymus phellomanus
- Euonymus pittosporoides[9]
- Euonymus planipes - dingle-dangle tree
- Euonymus prismatomerioides[9]
- Euonymus pseudovagans[4]
- Euonymus sachalinensis
- Euonymus sanguineus
- Euonymus schensianus
- Euonymus semenovii
- Euonymus serratifolius
- Euonymus tenuiserrata[9]
- Euonymus thwaitesii
- Euonymus velutinus
- Euonymus verrucocarpa[9]
- Euonymus verrucosoides
- Euonymus verrucosus
- Euonymus walkeri
- Euonymus wui[4]
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References
- ^ "Genus: Euonymus L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ a b Euonymus. Flora of China.
- ^ a b c d Du, C., et al. (2013). Revision of three species of Euonymus (Celastraceae) from China. Phytotaxa 109(1) 45-53.
- ^ a b Botanica: The Illustrated A-Z of over 10000 Garden Plants and How to Cultivate Them. Könemann, 2004. pg. 358. ISBN 3-8331-1253-0
- ^ Plants for a Future: Euonymus europaeus
- ^ Euonymus Species List. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2013-07-04.
- ^ a b "Euonymus". The Plant List. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d Ma, J. (1998). New species of Asian Euonymus (Celastraceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 3(2) 231-37.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Meiotic chromosome behavior of the male-fertile allotriploid lily cultivar 'Cocossa'.
- Zhang X1, Cao Q1, Zhou P1, Jia G2.
- Plant cell reports.Plant Cell Rep.2017 Jul 24. doi: 10.1007/s00299-017-2180-6. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 28741131
- Abnormal meiosis in an intersectional allotriploid of Populus L. and segregation of ploidy levels in 2x × 3x progeny.
- Wang J1,2,3,4, Huo B1,2,4, Liu W1,2,4, Li D3,4, Liao L4.
- PloS one.PLoS One.2017 Jul 21;12(7):e0181767. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181767. eCollection 2017.
- PMID 28732039
- High temperature-induced production of unreduced pollen and its cytological effects in Populus.
- Wang J1,2,3,4, Li D5, Shang F6,7, Kang X8,6,9,7.
- Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2017 Jul 13;7(1):5281. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05661-x.
- PMID 28706219
Japanese Journal
- 古代中国における樹木への認識の変遷 : 簡帛資料等を中心に
- A08 大ストロークを有する放電加工用磁気駆動アクチュエータ(OS2 最新機械要素技術(2))
Related Links
- spindle treeとは。意味や和訳。ニシキギ属 Euonymus の低木の総称：欧州西アジア産；赤い実がなり，堅材が採れる. - 80万項目以上収録、例文・コロケーションが豊富な無料英和和英辞典。
- The Spindle tree is somewhat rare an underappreciated for its beauty. It is generally little more than a shrub, seldom exceeding 10 or 12 feet in height when in a wild state.
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- fusiform、mitotic spindle、spindle body、spindle wave
[★]
- 関
- forest
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- ツリーの作り方
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- (2) drree
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