WordNet

bring disorder to (同)disarray
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time" (同)upset
a disturbance of the peace or of public order
natural process that causes something to form; "the formation of gas in the intestine"; "the formation of crystals"; "the formation of pseudopods"
the act of fabricating something in a particular shape (同)shaping
a particular spatial arrangement
creation by mental activity; "the formation of sentences"; "the formation of memories"
an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; "a defensive formation"; "a formation of planes"
the male reproductive cell; the male gamete; "a sperm is mostly a nucleus surrounded by little other cellular material" (同)sperm_cell, spermatozoon, spermatozoan
not arranged in order (同)unordered

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『無秩序』,混乱,乱雑(confusion) / 《しばしば複数形で》(社会的・政治的な)粉争,騒動 / 〈C〉(肉体的・精神的な)不調,異常,障害 / …‘の'秩序を乱す / 〈心身〉‘に'異常を起こさせる
〈U〉(…の)『形成』,構成,育成《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉形成されたもの,構成物;(その)構造,組織 / 〈U〉〈C〉隊形,陣形
〈C〉精子 / 〈U〉精液

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 卵細胞質内精子注入法 intracytoplasmic sperm injection
2. 男性不妊症の評価 evaluation of male infertility
3. 男性不妊症の治療 treatment of male infertility
4. 処置済み精液を用いた子宮内授精（IUI）のための手順 procedure for intrauterine insemination iui using processed sperm
5. 男性避妊のための精管切除およびその他の精管閉鎖法 vasectomy and other vasal occlusion techniques for male contraception

English Journal

Amniotic fluid stem cell-based models to study the effects of gene mutations and toxicants on male germ cell formation.

Gundacker C, Dolznig H, Mikula M, Rosner M, Brandau O, Hengstschläger M.AbstractMale infertility is a major public health issue predominantly caused by defects in germ cell development. In the past, studies on the genetic regulation of spermatogenesis as well as on negative environmental impacts have been hampered by the fact that human germ cell development is intractable to direct analysis in vivo. Compared with model organisms including mice, there are fundamental differences in the molecular processes of human germ cell development. Therefore, an in vitro model mimicking human sperm formation would be an extremely valuable research tool. In the recent past, both human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been reported to harbour the potential to differentiate into primordial germ cells and gametes. We here discuss the possibility to use human amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells as a biological model. Since their discovery in 2003, AFS cells have been characterized to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, to be genomically stable, to have a high proliferative potential and to be non-tumourigenic. In addition, AFS cells are not subject of ethical concerns. In contrast to iPS cells, AFSs cells do not need ectopic induction of pluripotency, which is often associated with only imperfectly cleared epigenetic memory of the source cells. Since AFS cells can be derived from amniocentesis with disease-causing mutations and can be transfected with high efficiency, they could be used in probing gene functions for spermatogenesis and in screening for male reproductive toxicity.Asian Journal of Andrology advance online publication, 9 January 2012; doi:10.1038/aja.2011.170.
Asian journal of andrology.Asian J Androl.2012 Jan 9. doi: 10.1038/aja.2011.170. [Epub ahead of print]
Male infertility is a major public health issue predominantly caused by defects in germ cell development. In the past, studies on the genetic regulation of spermatogenesis as well as on negative environmental impacts have been hampered by the fact that human germ cell development is intractable to d
PMID 22231297

Cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic aggregates in the epididymis.

Cornwall GA, Von Horsten HH, Whelly S.SourceDepartment of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA. Gail.Cornwall@ttuhsc.edu
Journal of andrology.J Androl.2011 Nov;32(6):679-85. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
Cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic (CRES) is the defining member of a reproductive subgroup within the family 2 cystatins of the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors. CRES is synthesized and secreted by the initial segment of the epididymis and is present in the sperm acros
PMID 21764901

Japanese Journal

受精における精子および卵子の生物学的機能解析 : 特に配偶子接着・精子核膨化・卵子活性化を中心に(1 受精機構とその異常)

久慈直昭
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 53(9), 1575-1585, 2001-09-01
… SP10 is a sperm intra-acrosomal protein. … SP10 was found to be localized in the equatorial region of acrosome-reacted human sperm. … The mAb pepSP10 inhibited sperm-oolemma binding in the zona-free hamster egg penetration test, but it did not inhibit sperm-zona binding in the hemizona assay. …
NAID 110002184958

ヒト精子CD46分子を介する精子・卵細胞融合機構の解明とその異常の検出法に関する研究(1 受精機構とその異常)

大橋一友
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 53(9), 1554-1563, 2001-09-01
… Membrane cofactor protein(MCP or CD46)is expressed on the inner acrosomal membrane of acrosomereacted human sperm. … However, the function of CD46 molecules on acrosome-reacted human sperm remains to be unknown. … Two anti-SCR3 antibodies reduced fertilization and sperm penetration but no reduction in sperm binding was observed in the anti-CD46 antibody treated sperm. …
NAID 110002184946