WordNet
- a spectroscope by which spectra can be photographed
- a mass spectrometer that produces a graphical representation of the mass spectrum
- by spectrographic means; "the speech spectrum was displayed spectrographically"
- relating to or employing a spectrograph
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 分光写真機
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/11/24 11:41:56」(JST)
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Not to be confused with Spectrogram.
The KMOS spectrograph.
[1]
Horizontal Solar Spectrograph at the Czech Astronomical Institute in Ondřejov, Czech Republic
A spectrograph is an instrument that separates light into a frequency spectrum and records the signal using a camera.[2] There are several kinds of machines referred to as spectrographs, depending on the precise nature of the waves. The term was first used in July, 1876 by Dr. Henry Draper when he invented the earliest version of this device, and which he used to take several photographs of the spectrum of Vega. This earliest version of the spectrograph was cumbersome to use and difficult to manage.[3]
One way to define a spectrograph is as a device that separates light by its wavelength and records this data.[4] A spectrograph typically has a multi-channel detector system or imaging system that detects the spectrum of light.[4]
Contents
- 1 Stellar and solar spectrograph
- 2 Echelle spectrograph
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Stellar and solar spectrograph
The first spectrographs used photographic paper as the detector. The star spectral classification and discovery of the main sequence, Hubble's law and the Hubble sequence were all made with spectrographs that used photographic paper. The plant pigment phytochrome was discovered using a spectrograph that used living plants as the detector. More recent spectrographs use electronic detectors, such as CCDs which can be used for both visible and UV light. The exact choice of detector depends on the wavelengths of light to be recorded.
The forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope will contain both a near-infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) and a mid-infrared spectrometer (MIRI).
Echelle spectrograph
Main article: Echelle spectrograph
An echelle spectrograph uses two diffraction gratings, rotated 90 degrees with respect to each other and placed close to one another. Therefore, an entrance point and not a slit is used and a 2d CCD-chip records the spectrum. Usually one would guess to retrieve a spectrum on the diagonal, but when both gratings have a wide spacing and one is blazed so that only the first order is visible and the other is blazed that a lot of higher orders are visible, one gets a very fine spectrum nicely folded onto a small common CCD-chip. The small chip also means that the collimating optics need not to be optimized for coma or astigmatism, but the spherical aberration can be set to zero.
See also
- Spectroscopy
- Spectrometer
- Long-slit spectroscopy
- Spectrogram
- Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
References
- ^ "Powerful New VLT Instrument Arrives in Chile". ESO Announcement. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
- ^ A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson, ed. (1997). "Spectrograph". IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology - the Gold Book (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. doi:10.1351/goldbook. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8.
- ^ George Barker, Memoir of Henry Draper, 1837-1882 (PDF), p. 103
- ^ a b Spectrometer, Spectroscope, and SpectrographExcerpt from Field Guide to Spectroscopy
Further reading
- James, John (2007), Spectrograph Design Fundamentals (Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0-521-86463-1
External links
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spectrographs. |
- Spectrograph for astronomical Spectra
- Photographs of spectrographs used in the Lick Observatory from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library’s Digital Collections
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- GRASSP: a spectrograph for the study of transient luminous events.
- Passas M, Sánchez J, Sánchez-Blanco E, Luque A, Gordillo-Vázquez FJ.
- Applied optics.Appl Opt.2016 Aug 10;55(23):6436-42. doi: 10.1364/AO.55.006436.
- We present the main parameters, design features, and optical characterization of the Granada Sprite Spectrograph and Polarimeter (GRASSP), a ground-based spectrographic system intended for the analysis of the spectroscopic signature of transient luminous events (TLEs) occurring in the mesosphere of
- PMID 27534491
- A Simple Dewar/Cryostat for Thermally Equilibrating Samples at Known Temperatures for Accurate Cryogenic Luminescence Measurements.
- Weaver PG1, Jagow DM1, Portune CM1, Kenney JW 3rd2.
- Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE.J Vis Exp.2016 Jul 19;(113). doi: 10.3791/54267.
- The design and operation of a simple liquid nitrogen Dewar/cryostat apparatus based upon a small fused silica optical Dewar, a thermocouple assembly, and a CCD spectrograph are described. The experiments for which this Dewar/cryostat is designed require fast sample loading, fast sample freezing, fas
- PMID 27501355
- In-focus wavefront sensing using non-redundant mask-induced pupil diversity.
- Greenbaum AZ, Sivaramakrishnan A.
- Optics express.Opt Express.2016 Jul 11;24(14):15506-21. doi: 10.1364/OE.24.015506.
- Wavefront estimation using in-focus image data is critical to many applications. This data is invariant to a sign flip with complex conjugation of the complex amplitude in the pupil, making for a non-unique solution. Information from an in-focus image taken through a non-redundant pupil mask (NRM) c
- PMID 27410825
Japanese Journal
- TMT広視野可視撮像分光装置WFOS/MOBIE (TMT特集(2))
- TMT第一期観測装置IRIS (TMT特集(2))
- RESOLVING THE CLUMPY STRUCTURE OF THE OUTFLOW WINDS IN THE GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR SDSS J1029+2623
- Misawa Toru,Inada Naohisa,Oguri Masamune,Gandhi Poshak,Horiuchi Takashi,Koyamada Suzuka,Okamoto Rina
- ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS 794(2), L20, 2014-10-20
- … Using Subaru/High Dispersion Spectrograph, we performed high-resolution (R ~ 36,000) spectroscopic observations of images A and B of the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1029+2623 (at z em ~ 2.197) whose image separation angle, θ ~ 22.5, is the largest among those discovered so far. …
- NAID 120005537844
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