WordNet
- place at intervals; "Space the interviews so that you have some time between the different candidates"
- an empty area (usually bounded in some way between things); "the architect left space in front of the building"; "they stopped at an open space in the jungle"; "the space between his teeth"
- the unlimited expanse in which everything is located; "they tested his ability to locate objects in space"; "the boundless regions of the infinite" (同)infinite
- a blank character used to separate successive words in writing or printing; "he said the space is the most important character in the alphabet" (同)blank
- a blank area; "write your name in the space provided" (同)blank space, place
- an area reserved for some particular purpose; "the laboratorys floor space"
- one of the areas between or below or above the lines of a musical staff; "the spaces are the notes F-A-C-E"
- the time between occurrences of a repeating event; "some women do not control the spacing of their children"
- the property possessed by an array of things that have space between them (同)spatial_arrangement
- defectiveness or unsoundness; "drugs have become a sickness they cannot cure"; "a great sickness of his judgment"
- arranged with spaces between; often used as a combining form; "widely spaced eyes"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 宇宙病(宇宙飛行ゆよって起こる不快な症状)
- 〈U〉『空間』,広がり / 〈U〉『宇宙』,地球の大気圏外(outer space) / 〈C〉〈U〉『間隔』,距離;《しばしば複数形で》空地 / 〈C〉(特定目的のための)『場所』 / 〈U〉《しばしばa~》時間 / 〈C〉〈U〉スペース,余白,余地 / 〈C〉線間(譜表において五線の間の部分) / …‘を'間隔をおいて配置する《+『out』+『名,』+『名』+『out』》
- スペースをあけること,間隔をとること / (印刷された行・語・文の)スペース,間隔
- 〈U〉『病気でいること』;〈C〉(個々の)『病気』 / 〈U〉吐き気(nausea)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/07/21 17:03:44」(JST)
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NASA astronauts acclimating themselves to space adaptation syndrome in a KC-135 airplane that flies parabolic arcs to create short periods of weightlessness
[1]
Space adaptation syndrome (SAS) or space sickness is a condition experienced by around half of space travelers during adaptation to weightlessness.[2] It is related to motion sickness, as the vestibular system adapts to weightlessness.[3]
Contents
- 1 Cause and remedy
- 2 History
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Cause and remedy
Space motion sickness is caused by changes in g-forces, which affect spatial orientation in humans.[3] According to Science Daily, "Gravity plays a major role in our spatial orientation. Changes in gravitational forces, such as the transition to weightlessness during a space voyage, influence our spatial orientation and require adaptation by many of the physiological processes in which our balance system plays a part. As long as this adaptation is incomplete, this can be coupled to motion sickness (nausea), visual illusions and disorientation."[3]
Modern motion-sickness medications can counter space sickness but are rarely used because it is considered better to allow space travelers to adapt naturally over the first day or two than to suffer the drowsiness and other side effects of medication. However, transdermal dimenhydrinate anti-nausea patches are typically used whenever space suits are worn because vomiting into a space suit could be fatal. Space suits are generally worn during launch and landing by NASA crew members and always for extra-vehicular activities (EVAs). EVAs are consequently not usually scheduled for the first days of a mission to allow the crew to adapt, and transdermal dimenhydrinate patches are typically used as an additional backup measure.
History
Space motion sickness was effectively unknown during the earliest spaceflights as these were undertaken in very cramped conditions; it seems to be aggravated by being able to freely move around and so is more common in larger spacecraft.[4] After the Apollo 8 and Apollo 9 flights, where astronauts reported space motion sickness to Mission Control and then were subsequently removed from the flight list[citation needed], astronauts (e.g. the Skylab 4 crew) attempted to prevent Mission Control from learning about their own SAS experience, apparently out of concern for their future flight assignment potential.[citation needed]
As with sea sickness and car sickness, space motion sickness symptoms can vary from mild nausea and disorientation, to vomiting and intense discomfort; headaches and nausea are often reported in varying degrees. About half of sufferers experience mild symptoms; only around 10% suffer severely. The most extreme reaction yet recorded was that felt by Senator Jake Garn in 1985. After his flight NASA jokingly began using the informal "Garn scale" to measure reactions to space sickness. In most cases, symptoms last from 2–4 days. In an interview with Carol Butler, when asked about the origins of "Garn" Robert E. Stevenson was quoted as saying:[5]
Jake Garn was sick, was pretty sick. I don't know whether we should tell stories like that. But anyway, Jake Garn, he has made a mark in the Astronaut Corps because he represents the maximum level of space sickness that anyone can ever attain, and so the mark of being totally sick and totally incompetent is one Garn. Most guys will get maybe to a tenth Garn, if that high. And within the Astronaut Corps, he forever will be remembered by that.
— Robert E. Stevenson
See also
- Effect of spaceflight on the human body
- Human spaceflight
References
- ^ "Mixed Up in Space". NASA. 2001-08-07. Retrieved 2009-05-28.
- ^ Quine, Tony (April 2007). "Addicted to space: An appreciation of Anousheh Ansari, Part II". Spaceflight (British Interplanetary Society (BIS)) 49 (4): 144. ISSN 0038-6340.
- ^ a b c "Why Do Astronauts Suffer From Space Sickness?". ScienceDaily. 2008-05-23.
- ^ Kozlovskaya, Inessa B.; et al. (2004). "The Effects of Long-Duration Space Flight on Eye, Head, and Trunk Coordination During Locomotion". NASA Johnson Space Center. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
- ^ "Interview with Dr. Robert Stevenson" (PDF). Johnson Space Center Oral History Project. May 13, 1999. p. 35.
Consequences of external causes (T66–T78, 990–995)
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Temperature/radiation |
- elevated temperature
- Hyperthermia
- Heat syncope
- reduced temperature
- Hypothermia
- Immersion foot syndromes
- Trench foot
- Tropical immersion foot
- Warm water immersion foot
- Chilblains
- Frostbite
- Aerosol burn
- Cold intolerance
- Acrocyanosis
- Erythrocyanosis crurum
- radiation
- Radiation poisoning
- Radiation burn
- Chronic radiation keratosis
- Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
- Radiation acne
- Radiation cancer
- Radiation recall reaction
- Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
- Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
- Radiation-induced keloid
- Radiation-induced morphea
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|
Air |
- Hypoxia/Asphyxia
- Barotrauma
- Aerosinusitis
- Decompression sickness
- High altitude
- Altitude sickness
- Chronic mountain sickness
- HAPE
- HACE
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Food |
|
|
Maltreatment |
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Psychological abuse
|
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Travel |
- Motion sickness
- Seasickness
- Airsickness
- Space adaptation syndrome
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|
Adverse effect |
- Hypersensitivity
- Anaphylaxis
- Angioedema
- Allergy
- Arthus reaction
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Other |
- Electric shock
- Drowning
- Lightning injury
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Ungrouped
skin conditions
resulting from
physical factors |
- Dermatosis neglecta
- Pinch mark
- Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
- Sclerosing lymphangiitis
- Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
- UV-sensitive syndrome
- environmental skin conditions
- Electrical burn
- frictional/traumatic/sports
-
- Black heel and palm
- Equestrian perniosis
- Jogger's nipple
- Pulling boat hands
- Runner's rump
- Surfer's knots
- Tennis toe
- Vibration white finger
- Weathering nodule of ear
- Wrestler's ear
- Coral cut
- Painful fat herniation
- Uranium dermatosis
- iv use
-
- Skin pop scar
- Skin track
- Slap mark
- Pseudoacanthosis nigricans
- Narcotic dermopathy
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Motion sickness
|
|
Types |
- Airsickness
- Seasickness
- Simulator sickness
- Ski sickness
- Space adaptation syndrome
- Virtual reality sickness
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Medicine Treatment |
- Dramamine
- Bonine
- Marezine
- Promethazine
- Transdermscop
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Related |
- Bárány chair
- Sickness bag
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Space medicine
|
|
Main areas |
- Artificial gravity
- Astronautical hygiene
- Bioastronautics
- Neuroscience in space
- Space exposure
- Space food
- Space nursing
- Space weather
- Weightlessness
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|
Illness and injuries |
- Asthenization
- Ebullism
- Illness and injuries during spaceflight
- Medical treatment during spaceflight
- Space adaptation syndrome
- Space and survival
- Spaceflight osteopenia
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Organizations |
- Aerospace Medical Association
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute
- Rubicon Foundation
- Space Nursing Society
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Other topics |
- Adverse health effects from lunar dust exposure
- Cardiac rhythm problems during space flight
- Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight
- Effect of spaceflight on the human body
- Effects of sleep deprivation in space
- Epidemiology data for low-linear energy transfer radiation
- Fatigue and sleep loss during spaceflight
- Health threat from cosmic rays
- Intervertebral disc damage and spaceflight
- List of microorganisms tested in outer space
- Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight
- Radiobiology evidence for protons and HZE nuclei
- Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space
- Renal stone formation in space
- Spaceflight radiation carcinogenesis
- Team composition and cohesion in spaceflight missions
- Visual impairment due to intracranial pressure
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on symptoms of acute mountain sickness and basic physiological responses in a group of male adolescents during ascent to Mount Everest Base Camp.
- Hennis PJ1, Mitchell K2, Gilbert-Kawai E3, Bountziouka V4, Wade A5, Feelisch M6, Grocott MP2, Martin DS3.
- Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry / official journal of the Nitric Oxide Society.Nitric Oxide.2016 Sep 1. pii: S1089-8603(16)30141-0. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.08.007. [Epub ahead of print]
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice, on acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms and physiological responses, in a group of young males trekking to Mount Everest Base Camp (EBC). Forty healthy male students (mean ag
- PMID 27593617
- Updating a gas dynamics model using estimates for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
- Hodanbosi MR1, Sterba-Boatwright B2, Fahlman A3.
- Respiratory physiology & neurobiology.Respir Physiol Neurobiol.2016 Aug 22;234:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.08.006. [Epub ahead of print]
- Theoretical models are used to predict how breath-hold diving vertebrates manage O2, CO2, and N2 while underwater. One recent gas dynamics model used available lung and tracheal compliance data from various species. As variation in respiratory compliance significantly affects alveolar compression an
- PMID 27562522
- Benzolamide improves oxygenation and reduces acute mountain sickness during a high-altitude trek and has fewer side effects than acetazolamide at sea level.
- Collier DJ1, Wolff CB1, Hedges AM1, Nathan J2, Flower RJ1, Milledge JS3, Swenson ER4.
- Pharmacology research & perspectives.Pharmacol Res Perspect.2016 May 19;4(3):e00203. doi: 10.1002/prp2.203. eCollection 2016.
- Acetazolamide is the standard carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor used for acute mountain sickness (AMS), however some of its undesirable effects are related to intracellular penetrance into many tissues, including across the blood-brain barrier. Benzolamide is a much more hydrophilic inhibitor, which
- PMID 27433337
Japanese Journal
- 術中異常高血圧を契機に発見された副腎外 paraganglioma の1例
- 日本臨床外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Surgical Association 74(2), 544-550, 2013-02-25
- NAID 10031165604
- ドライバの頭位制御戦略の解析と姿勢制御装置への応用
Related Links
- Space sickness definition, a complex of symptoms including nausea, lethargy, headache, and sweating, occurring among astronauts under conditions of weightlessness. See more. Thesaurus Translate Puzzles & Games Word of ...
- Amazon.co.jp: Space Sickness: Foust!: デジタルミュージック ... デジタルミュージック
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
n.
vt.
- ex. oral doses should be spaced wqually to maintein a continuous high concentraction of iron in plasma.
- 関
- alveus、cavity、cosmic、room、universe、ventriculi、ventriculus
[★]
[★]
- 不健康。病気。吐き気、むかつき、悪心、嘔吐。胃の不調
- 関
- ail、ailment、disease、ill、illness、out of、sick、upset
[★]