WordNet

place signs, as along a road; "sign an intersection"; "This road has been signed"
(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease; "there were no signs of asphyxiation"
a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened); "he showed signs of strain"; "they welcomed the signs of spring" (同)mark
a character indicating a relation between quantities; "dont forget the minus sign"
a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; "The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary"--de Saussure
a gesture that is part of a sign language
a public display of a message; "he posted signs in all the shop windows"
engage by written agreement; "They signed two new pitchers for the next season" (同)contract, sign on, sign_up
approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation; "All parties ratified the peace treaty"; "Have you signed your contract yet?" (同)ratify
communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs; "He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture"; "The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu" (同)signal, signalize, signalise
mark with ones signature; write ones name (on); "She signed the letter and sent it off"; "Please sign here" (同)subscribe
be engaged by a written agreement; "He signed to play the casino on Dec. 18"; "The soprano signed to sing the new opera"
communicate in sign language; "I dont know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin"
an instrument that uses the differential transmission and reflection of ultrasonic waves in order to provide an image of a bodily organ
having a handwritten signature; "a signed letter"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(ある事実・状態・感情などの)『表れ』,印,気配,徴侯(indication);(…の)こん跡,計跡《+『of』+『名』》・『身ぶり』,手まね,合図 / 『標識』,看板 / (数学・音楽などの)記号 / (…の)『象徴』,シンボル(symbol)《+『of』+『名』》・《文》(…の)『前兆』,きざし《+『of』+『名』》・宮(きゅう)(黄道12区分の一つ) ・〈手紙・書類・作品など〉‘に'『署名する』・(…に)〈名前など〉‘を'書く《+『名』+『on』(『to』)+『名』》 / …‘を'雇う契約に署名する・…‘を'合図する,知らせる;…に合図する・署名する・契約書に署名して雇われる
=ti

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/19 19:33:38」(JST)

wiki en

A Sonographic Murphy sign refers to a finding when performing diagnostic medical sonography. It is different from the Murphy sign found on physical examination, but both signs are associated with cholecystitis^[1] When the sonographer presses directly over the gallbladder, and the patient expresses pain, more than when the sonographer presses anywhere else, this is said to be a positive sonographic Murphy sign.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Differences

A Sonographic Murphy sign is different from a Murphy sign on physical examination of the abdomen in three ways:

Unlike the physician doing an abdominal exam, the sonographer can see the exact position of the gallbladder, which varies somewhat from one person to the next, and with the depth of inspiration.
The patient usually takes a breath and holds it during scanning, while the traditional Murphy sign is elicited while the patient is inhaling, and
The sonographer is usually asking the patient about the pain, while the traditional Murphy sign relies on an involuntary reaction - stopping inspiration when the gallbladder slides under the examining hand.^[5]^[6]

References

^ Ralls, PW; Colletti, PM; Lapin, SA; Chandrasoma, P; Boswell WD, Jr; Ngo, C; Radin, DR; Halls, JM (June 1985). "Real-time sonography in suspected acute cholecystitis. Prospective evaluation of primary and secondary signs.". Radiology. 155 (3): 767–71. doi:10.1148/radiology.155.3.3890007. PMID 3890007.
^ Simeone, JF; Brink, JA; Mueller, PR; Compton, C; Hahn, PF; Saini, S; Silverman, SG; Tung, G; Ferrucci, JT (February 1989). "The sonographic diagnosis of acute gangrenous cholecystitis: importance of the Murphy sign.". AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 152 (2): 289–90. doi:10.2214/ajr.152.2.289. PMID 2643262.
^ Rumack, Carol M., ed. (2011). Diagnostic ultrasound (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. 203. ISBN 9780323053976.
^ "Acute Calculous Cholecystitis". ultrasoundtraining.com. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Urbano FL and Carroll M, Hospital Physician, November 2000: p51-52 (includes a description of the Murphy sign, and an erroneous description of the sonographic Murphy sign)
^ Orient JM, Sapira's Art & Science of Bedside Diagnosis 3e, 2005, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p461 (describes one method in detail for eliciting the Murphy sign)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 急性胆嚢炎：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 acute cholecystitis pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis
2. 成人における合併症のない胆石症 uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults

English Journal

Abdominal ultrasound versus hepato-imino diacetic acid scan in diagnosing acute cholecystitis--what is the real benefit?

Kaoutzanis C1, Davies E2, Leichtle SW2, Welch KB3, Winter S2, Lampman RM2, Arneson W2.
The Journal of surgical research.J Surg Res.2014 May 1;188(1):44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.004. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
BACKGROUND: Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common surgical problems, yet substantial debate remains over the utility of simple examination, abdominal ultrasound (AUS), or advanced imaging such as hepato-imino diacetic acid (HIDA) scan to support the diagnosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preop
PMID 24556232

Acute cholecystitis: do sonographic findings and WBC count predict gangrenous changes?

Teefey SA1, Dahiya N, Middleton WD, Bajaj S, Dahiya N, Ylagan L, Hildebolt CF.
AJR. American journal of roentgenology.AJR Am J Roentgenol.2013 Feb;200(2):363-9. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.8956.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine, first, if gallbladder wall striations in patients with sonographic findings suspicious for acute cholecystitis are associated with gangrenous changes and certain histologic features; and, second, if WBC count or other sonographic findings are ass
PMID 23345358

Diagnostic utility of cholescintigraphy in emergency department patients with suspected acute cholecystitis: comparison with bedside RUQ ultrasonography.

Blaivas M1, Adhikari S.
The Journal of emergency medicine.J Emerg Med.2007 Jul;33(1):47-52. Epub 2007 May 30.
Tc-99m-HIDA cholescintigraphy studies of gallbladder (GB) emptying are considered to be the most accurate method to diagnose acute cholecystitis (AC). With increasing use of bedside ultrasound (US) by emergency physicians for the evaluation of GB pathology, it is important to determine the role of c
PMID 17630075