孤束核
WordNet
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
- 『ひとりぼっちの』 / 孤独な,一人でする / 人の訪れのまれな,人里離れた / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》《通例否定・疑問文で》たった一つの,唯一の(single) / 〈C〉独居者,隠者 / 〈U〉《話》=solitary confinement
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/26 20:57:11」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Brain: Solitary nucleus |
The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in blue.
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Transverse section of medulla oblongata of human embryo.
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| Latin |
Nucleus tractus solitarii medullae oblongatae |
| NeuroNames |
hier-739 |
| MeSH |
Solitary+Nucleus |
| NeuroLex ID |
birnlex_1429 |
In the human brain, the solitary nucleus (nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus solitarius, nucleus tractus solitarii, NTS) is a series of nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter embedded in the medulla oblongata. Through the center of the NTS runs the solitary tract, a white bundle of nerve fibers, including fibers from the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves that synapse on neurons of the NTS. The NTS projects to, among other regions, the reticular formation, parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, hypothalamus and thalamus, forming circuits that contribute to autonomic regulation. Cells within the NTS are arranged according to function; for instance, cells involved in taste are located in the higher, more forward ("rostral") part, while those regulating cardio-respiratory processes are found in the lower, more posterior ("caudal") part.[1][2]
Contents
- 1 Inputs to the NTS
- 2 Outputs from the NTS
- 3 Additional images
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Inputs to the NTS[edit]
- Taste information from the facial nerve (anterior 2/3 of the tongue), glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior 1/3) and vagus nerve (small area on the epiglottis)
- Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) in the carotid body via glossopharyngeal nerve, and aortic bodies via the vagus nerve
- Chemically and mechanically sensitive neurons of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) with endings located in the heart, lungs, airways, gastrointestinal system, pharynx, and liver via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
Neurons that synapse in the NTS mediate the gag reflex, the carotid sinus reflex, the aortic reflex, the cough reflex, the baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, several respiratory reflexes and reflexes within the gastrointestinal system regulating motility and secretion.
Information about the gut wall, the stretch of the lungs, and the dryness of mucous membranes also synapse at the NTS. The first central neurons within the NTS can participate in simple autonomic reflexes.
Outputs from the NTS[edit]
Information goes from the NTS to a large number of other regions of the brain including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the central nucleus of the amygdala, as well as to other nuclei in the brainstem (such as the parabrachial area and other visceral motor or respiratory networks).[3] The signals projected from the NTS to the parabrachial area originate in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The pathways for gastric and gustatory (taste) processes are believed to terminate in different subdivisions of the parabrachial area, but still interact in the NTS.[4][5] Some neuronal subpopulations in the NTS, such as the noradrenergic A2 neurons and the aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons project as far rostrally as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.[6][7]
Additional images[edit]
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Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive.
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Primary terminal nuclei of the afferent (sensory) cranial nerves schematically represented; lateral view.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Duane E. Haines (2004). Neuroanatomy: An Atlas of Structures, Sections, and Systems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 186–. ISBN 978-0-7817-4677-9. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ P. Michael Conn (2008). Neuroscience in Medicine. Springer. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-60327-455-5. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ Carlson, Neil R. (2010). Physiology of Behavior (10th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-205-66627-0.
- ^ Karimnamazi, Hamid; Travers, Susan P; Travers, Joseph B (2002). "Oral and gastric input to the parabrachial nucleus of the rat". Brain Research 957 (2): 193–206. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03438-8. PMID 12445962.
- ^ Karimnamazi, Hamid; Travers, Joseph B. (1998). "Differential projections from gustatory responsive regions of the parabrachial nucleus to the medulla and forebrain". Brain Research 813 (2): 283–302. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00951-2. PMID 9838165.
- ^ Geerling JC, Loewy AD. Aldosterone-sensitive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract: efferent projections. J Comp Neurol. 2006 Jul 10;497(2):223-50. pmid=16705681
- ^ Shin JW, Geerling JC, Loewy AD. Inputs to the ventrolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. J Comp Neurol. 2008 Dec 10;511(5):628-57. doi: 10.1002/cne.21870. pmid=18853414
External links[edit]
- BrainMaps at UCDavis solitary tract
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Human brain: rhombencephalon, myelencephalon: medulla (TA A14.1.04, GA 9.767)
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| Dorsal |
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Surface
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Posterior median sulcus · Posterolateral sulcus · Area postrema · Vagal trigone · Hypoglossal trigone · Medial eminence
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Grey: Cranial nuclei
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afferent: GVA: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract/Dorsal respiratory group · SVA: Gustatory nucleus · GSA: VIII-v (Lateral, Medial, Inferior)
efferent: GSE: XII · GVE: IX,X,XI: Ambiguus · SVE: X: Dorsal · IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus
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Grey: other
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Gracile nucleus · Cuneate nucleus · Accessory cuneate nucleus
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White: Sensory/ascending
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Sensory decussation · Medial lemniscus · Inferior cerebellar peduncle (Juxtarestiform body) · Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus · MLF, III, IV and VI
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White: Motor/descending
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Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus · MLF, III, IV and VI
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| Ventral |
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White: Motor/descending
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Motor decussation · Olivocerebellar tract · Rubro-olivary tract
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Grey matter
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Ventral respiratory group · Arcuate nucleus of medulla · Inferior olivary nucleus · Rostral ventromedial medulla
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Surface
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Anterior median fissure · Anterolateral sulcus · Olive · Pyramid
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Grey: Raphe/
reticular |
Reticular formation (Gigantocellular, Parvocellular, Ventral, Lateral, Paramedian) · Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus)
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei (TA A14.2.01, GA 9.855)
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| olfactory (AON->I) |
- olfactory bulb
- olfactory tract
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| optic (LGN->II) |
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oculomotor
(ON, EWN->III) |
- superior branch
- parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion
- inferior branch
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| trochlear (TN->IV) |
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trigeminal
(PSN, TSN, MN, TMN->V) |
- trigeminal ganglion
- ophthalmic
- maxillary
- mandibular
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| abducens (AN->VI) |
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| facial (FMN, SN, SSN->VII) |
| near origin |
- nervus intermedius
- geniculate
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inside
facial canal |
- greater petrosal
- nerve to the stapedius
- chorda tympani
- lingual nerve
- submandibular ganglion
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at stylomastoid
foramen |
- posterior auricular
- suprahyoid
- parotid plexus
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
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vestibulocochlear
(VN, CN->VIII) |
- cochlear
- striae medullares
- lateral lemniscus
- vestibular
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glossopharyngeal
(NA, ISN, SN->IX) |
| before jugular fossa |
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| after jugular fossa |
- tympanic
- tympanic plexus
- lesser petrosal
- otic ganglion
- stylopharyngeal branch
- pharyngeal branches
- tonsillar branches
- lingual branches
- carotid sinus
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vagus
(NA, DNVN, SN->X) |
| before jugular fossa |
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| after jugular fossa |
- meningeal branch
- auricular branch
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| neck |
- pharyngeal branch
- superior laryngeal
- recurrent laryngeal (inferior)
- superior cervical cardiac
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| thorax |
- inferior cardiac
- pulmonary
- vagal trunks
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| abdomen |
- celiac
- renal
- hepatic
- anterior gastric
- posterior gastric
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| accessory (NA, SAN->XI) |
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| hypoglossal (HN->XII) |
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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Sensory system: Gustatory system (TA 15.4, GA 10.991)
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| Tongue |
Taste bud · Lingual papilla (Vallate papilla, Foliate papilla, Fungiform papilla, Filiform papilla)
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| Path |
medulla: Solitary tract (VII, IX, X) · Solitary nucleus (Gustatory nucleus)
pons: Central tegmental tract · Medial parabrachial nucleus (Hypothalamus, Amygdala)
thalamus: Ventral posteromedial nucleus
cerebrum: Posterior limb of internal capsule · Gustatory cortex
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| Other |
Basic tastes
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Chemoreception and neuroplasticity in respiratory circuits.
- Barnett WH1, Abdala AP2, Paton JF2, Rybak IA3, Zoccal DB4, Molkov YI5.
- Experimental neurology.Exp Neurol.2017 Jan;287(Pt 2):153-164. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.036. Epub 2016 May 27.
- The respiratory central pattern generator must respond to chemosensory cues to maintain oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) homeostasis in the blood and tissues. To do this, sensorial cells located in the periphery and central nervous system monitor the arterial partial pressure of O2 and CO2 and i
- PMID 27240520
- Projections from a single NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neuron in the paraventricular nucleus to different brain regions involved in feeding.
- Maejima Y1, Kumamoto K2, Takenoshita S2, Shimomura K3.
- Brain structure & function.Brain Struct Funct.2016 Dec;221(9):4723-4731. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
- The anorexigenic neuropeptide NEFA/nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1-containing neurons are distributed in the brain regions involved in feeding regulation, including the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Functionally, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons in the PVN regulate feeding through the hypoth
- PMID 26639940
- Overexpression of AT2R in the solitary-vagal complex improves baroreflex in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
- Ruchaya PJ1, Speretta GF1, Blanch GT1, Li H2, Sumners C3, Menani JV1, Colombari E4, Colombari DS5.
- Neuropeptides.Neuropeptides.2016 Dec;60:29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.06.006. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
- The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of increased angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) expression in the solitary-vagal complex (nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; NTS/DVM) on baroreflex function in non-anaesthetised normotensive (NT) and
- PMID 27469059
Japanese Journal
- P-013 ラット延髄孤束核味覚ニューロンの時空間特性(ポスターセッション,2010年度日本味と匂学会第44回大会)
- 咀嚼筋の自律神経性血流調節に関する末梢性及び中枢性神経機構
- 石井 久淑,和泉 博之
- 自律神経 = The Autonomic nervous system 47(4), 340-349, 2010-08-15
- NAID 10026906136
Related Links
- solitary nucleus Nucleus of the solitary tract. See also: nucleus ... The trigeminal nerve projects directly or indirectly to specific areas of the brain, such as the locus coeruleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, thalamus, and the cerebral ...
- nu·cle·us (no o′klē-əs, nyo o′-) n. pl. nu·cle·i (-klē-ī′) or nu·cle·us·es 1. A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered or grouped; a core: the nucleus of a city. 2. Something regarded as a basis for future ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- solitary nucleus (B),solitary nuclei, solitary tract nucleus,nuclei of solitary tract (KL), nucleus of the solitary tract
- ラ
- nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus tractus solitarius NTS (SP), nucleus solitarius
- 同
- 延髄孤束核
- 関
- 延髄
概念
- 味覚を伝える知覚線維の終止核 (KL.704)
- 求心性迷走神経末端が到達している
解剖