WordNet

clouded with a mixture of smoke and fog; "the smoggy atmosphere of Los Angeles"
air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog (同)smogginess

PrepTutorEJDIC

『スモッグ』,煙務

English Journal

Role of meteorology in seasonality of air pollution in megacity Delhi, India.

Guttikunda SK1, Gurjar BR.Author information 1Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA. sguttikunda@gmail.comAbstractThe winters in megacity Delhi are harsh, smoggy, foggy, and highly polluted. The pollution levels are approximately two to three times those monitored in the summer months, and the severity is felt not only in the health department but also in the transportation department, with regular delays at airport operations and series of minor and major accidents across the road corridors. The impacts felt across the city are both manmade (due to the fuel burning) and natural (due to the meteorological setting), and it is hard to distinguish their respective proportions. Over the last decade, the city has gained from timely interventions to control pollution, and yet, the pollution levels are as bad as the previous year, especially for the fine particulates, the most harmful of the criteria pollutants, with a daily 2009 average of 80 to 100 μg/m(3). In this paper, the role of meteorology is studied using a Lagrangian model called Atmospheric Transport Modeling System in tracer mode to better understand the seasonality of pollution in Delhi. A clear conclusion is that irrespective of constant emissions over each month, the estimated tracer concentrations are invariably 40% to 80% higher in the winter months (November, December, and January) and 10% to 60% lower in the summer months (May, June, and July), when compared to annual average for that year. Along with monitoring and source apportionment studies, this paper presents a way to communicate complex physical characteristics of atmospheric modeling in simplistic manner and to further elaborate linkages between local meteorology and pollution.
Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2012 May;184(5):3199-211. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2182-8. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
The winters in megacity Delhi are harsh, smoggy, foggy, and highly polluted. The pollution levels are approximately two to three times those monitored in the summer months, and the severity is felt not only in the health department but also in the transportation department, with regular delays at ai
PMID 21713474

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is an ozone sensor in human skin.

Afaq F1, Zaid MA, Pelle E, Khan N, Syed DN, Matsui MS, Maes D, Mukhtar H.Author information 1Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.AbstractOzone, one of the main components of photochemical smog, represents an important source of environmental oxidative stress to which the skin is exposed, especially during smoggy and ozone-alert days. However, very little is known about the effects of ozone exposure on human skin. Here, we used normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) to determine the effects of attainable levels of ozone exposure on the family of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, which plays a determinant role in the biotransformation of many environmental pollutants. NHEK exposure to ozone (0.3 ppm) resulted in an increase in protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1. NHEK exposure to ozone also resulted in nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and in phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The effect of ozone on events downstream of EGFR was an increased activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phosphorylation of protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinases. We found that AhR silencing by small interfering RNA abolished the capacity of these cells to increase the protein and mRNA expression of CYPs on ozone exposure. Thus, AhR signaling is an integral part of the induction of CYPs by ozone. These studies strongly suggest that there are toxicological consequences of ozone to human skin.
The Journal of investigative dermatology.J Invest Dermatol.2009 Oct;129(10):2396-403. doi: 10.1038/jid.2009.85. Epub 2009 Jun 18.
Ozone, one of the main components of photochemical smog, represents an important source of environmental oxidative stress to which the skin is exposed, especially during smoggy and ozone-alert days. However, very little is known about the effects of ozone exposure on human skin. Here, we used normal
PMID 19536146

Evidence for the exposure of water ice on Titan's surface.

Griffith CA1, Owen T, Geballe TR, Rayner J, Rannou P.Author information 1Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA. griffith@lpl.arizona.eduAbstractThe smoggy stratosphere of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, veils its surface from view, except at narrow wavelengths centered at 0.83, 0.94, 1.07, 1.28, 1.58, 2.0, 2.9, and 5.0 micrometers. We derived a spectrum of Titan's surface within these "windows" and detected features characteristic of water ice. Therefore, despite the hundreds of meters of organic liquids and solids hypothesized to exist on Titan's surface, its icy bedrock lies extensively exposed.
Science (New York, N.Y.).Science.2003 Apr 25;300(5619):628-30.
The smoggy stratosphere of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, veils its surface from view, except at narrow wavelengths centered at 0.83, 0.94, 1.07, 1.28, 1.58, 2.0, 2.9, and 5.0 micrometers. We derived a spectrum of Titan's surface within these "windows" and detected features characteristic of water ic
PMID 12714742

Japanese Journal

夏期の大阪における窒素酸化物の酸化転換率の時間変動

岡憲司,前田泰昭
大気汚染学会誌 25(4), 270-279, 1990
大阪において, オキシダントの日最高値が0.1ppmを越える日が続いた1986年7月下旬, PAN, 硝酸メチル, 硝酸ガスおよび硝酸塩粒子の一時間値を測定し, 各成分の挙動とNO<SUB>x</SUB>からそれらへの酸化転換率の時間変動を調査した。それぞれの平均濃度は, PANが6.1ppb (最高30.1ppb), 硝酸メチルが3.9ppb (最高32.5ppb), H …
NAID 130003978040

自動車事故と煙霧との関連性

白石陽治 [他],小野塚清一,稲原淳,武政治隆,趙大〓
日本衛生学雑誌 21(4), 313-321, 1966
… than 40° with smog during 3 hours to noon, but during 4 hours around the sunset time it is high when smog is prevailling especially slight human injuries are seen oftener.4) In terms of weather and effective temperature, the accident rate is higher when it is rainy and below 30°ET.5) The rate of accident is high when it is below 30°ET, smoggy and rainy, and if it is above 40°ET the rate is high when it is fine so far as it is smoggy, but under the same condition the rate of slight human injuries are high when it is …
NAID 130001000027

Related Pictures

Smoggy China and a ‘chicken from hell Smoggy PRT | Tees Tee's from The People's Smoggy-City Smoggy Beijing Smoggy Sunset - Beijing, China smoggy in l a movie pictures a smoggy Can the Smoggy Air We Breathe Cause Heart Smoggy Los Angeles