WordNet

biometric identification by automatically scanning a persons signature and matching it electronically against a library of known signatures
the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged; "the partners were delighted with the recognition of their work"; "she seems to avoid much in the way of recognition or acknowledgement of feminist work prior to her own" (同)acknowledgment, acknowledgement
(biology) the ability of one molecule to attach to another molecule that has a complementary shape; "molecular recognition drives all of biology, for instance, hormone and receptor or antibody-antigen interactions or the organization of molecules into lar
designation by the chair granting a person the right to speak in a deliberative body; "he was unable to make his motion because he couldnt get recognition by the chairman"
approval; "give her recognition for trying"; "he was given credit for his work"; "give her credit for trying" (同)credit
the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering; "a politician whose recall of names was as remarkable as his recognition of faces"; "experimental psychologists measure the elapsed time from the onset of the stimulus to its recognition by t (同)identification
an acceptance (as of a claim) as true and valid; "the recognition of the Rio Grande as a boundary between Mexico and the United States"
the explicit and formal acknowledgement of a government or of the national independence of a country; "territorial disputes were resolved in Guatemalas recognition of Belize in 1991"
a melody used to identify a performer or a dance band or radio/tv program (同)signature_tune, theme_song
a sheet with several pages printed on it; it folds to page size and is bound with other signatures to form a book
your name written in your own handwriting

PrepTutorEJDIC

(それであること)『見て気がつくこと』,見覚え / (特に,正当・妥当であるとの)(‥の)『承認』《+of』+『名』》 / (業績・貢献などを)認めること,(…の)表彰《+『of』+『名』》
『署名』 / 音楽記号(拍子記号・調記号など) / (本の)1ページの大きさに折り畳んだ大きな紙

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/31 17:05:35」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Signature recognition is a behavioural biometric. It can be operated in two different ways:

Static: In this mode, users write their signature on paper, digitize it through an optical scanner or a camera, and the biometric system recognizes the signature analyzing its shape. This group is also known as “off-line”.

Dynamic: In this mode, users write their signature in a digitizing tablet, which acquires the signature in real time. Another possibility is the acquisition by means of stylus-operated PDAs. Dynamic recognition is also known as “on-line”. Dynamic information usually consists of the following information:

spatial coordinate x(t)
spatial coordinate y(t)
pressure p(t)
azimuth az(t)
inclination in(t)

The state-of-the-art in signature recognition can be found in the last major international competition.^[1]

The most popular pattern recognition techniques applied for signature recognition are Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Vector Quantization (VQ). Combinations of different techniques also exist.^[2]

Example of dynamic signature. Its dynamic information is shown on the right.

Example of dynamic information of a signature. Looking at the pressure information it can be seen that the user has lift the pen 3 times in the middle of the signature (areas with pressure equal to zero).

Related techniques

Recently, a handwriten biometric approach has also been proposed.^[3] In this case, the user is recognized analyzing his handwritten text (see also Handwritten biometric recognition).

Databases

Several public databases exist, being the most popular ones SVC,^[4] and MCYT.^[5]

References

^ Houmani, Nesmaa; A. Mayoue, S. Garcia-Salicetti, B. Dorizzi, M.I. Khalil, M. Mostafa, H. Abbas, Z.T. Kardkovàcs, D. Muramatsu, B. Yanikoglu, A. Kholmatov, M. Martinez-Diaz, J. Fierrez, J. Ortega-Garcia, J. Roure Alcobé, J. Fabregas, M. Faundez-Zanuy, J. M. Pascual-Gaspar, V. Cardeñoso-Payo, C. Vivaracho-Pascual (March 2012). "BioSecure signature evaluation campaign (BSEC'2009): Evaluating online signature algorithms depending on the quality of signatures". Pattern Recognition 45 (3): 993–1003. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031320311003220.
^ Faundez-Zanuy, Marcos (2007). "On-line signature recognition based on VQ-DTW". Pattern recognition 40 (3): 981–992. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031320306002780.
^ Chapran, J. (2006). "Biometric Writer Identification: Feature Analysis and Classification". International Journal of Pattern Recognition & Artificial Intelligence 20: 483–503.
^ Yeung, D; , H., Xiong, Y., George, S., Kashi, R., Matsumoto, T., Rigoll, G. (2004). "SVC2004: First international signature verification competition". Lecture Notes in Computer Science. LNCS-3072: 16–22.
^ Ortega-Garcia, Javier; J. Fierrez, D. Simon, J. Gonzalez, M. Faúndez-Zanuy, V. Espinosa, A. Satue, I. Hernaez, J.-J. Igarza, C. Vivaracho, D. Escudero, Q.-I. Moro. "MCYT Baseline Corpus: A Multimodal Biometric Database". IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image and Signal Processing 150: 395–401.

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Recognition of Distinct Cross-Reactive Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Reveals a Unique TCR Signature in a Clinical Setting.

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Japanese Journal

パーソナルモビリティ・ビークルと操縦者のコミュニケーション

須田義大,平山遊喜,山口大助 [他],安藝雅彦
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渡部達人,桂誠一郎
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… The signature is one of the personal verification methods; … however, the number of characters is limited in the case of the signature and therefore false signature is used easily. … Thus, personal identification is difficult from handwriting.This paper proposes a "haptic pen" that extracts the writing pressure, and shows a character recognition method by time-frequency analyses. …
NAID 10026230311