短期可塑性

WordNet

without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold; "he made his fortune by selling short just before the crash"
the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed
low in stature; not tall; "he was short and stocky"; "short in stature"; "a short smokestack"; "a little man" (同)little
lacking foresight or scope; "a short view of the problem"; "shortsighted policies"; "shortsighted critics derided the plan"; "myopic thinking" (同)shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic
at a disadvantage; "I was caught short" (同)unawares
(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length; "short skirts"; "short hair"; "the board was a foot short"; "a short toss"
at some point or distance before a goal is reached; "he fell short of our expectations"
clean across; "the cars axle snapped short"
not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices; "a short sale"; "short in cotton"
of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration; "the English vowel sounds in `pat, `pet, `pit, `pot, putt are short"
primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; "a short life"; "a short flight"; "a short holiday"; "a short story"; "only a few short months"
so as to interrupt; "She took him up short before he could continue"
tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening; "shortbread is a short crumbly cookie"; "a short flaky pie crust"
name formally or designate with a term
the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent; "a healthy baby born at full term" (同)full term
a limited period of time; "a prison term"; "he left school before the end of term"
a word or expression used for some particular thing; "he learned many medical terms"
any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; "the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree"
one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition; "the major term of a syllogism must occur twice"
the act of propping up with shores (同)shoring up, propping up

PrepTutorEJDIC

(長さ・時間・距離などが)『短い』,近い・(人が)『背が低い』・(数量・期間などが)不足の』,乏しい;目標(標準)に達しない・(文などが)『簡潔な』,手短な・『そっけない』,ぞんぞいな,無愛想な・(ケーキなどが)かりかりする,さくさくする・(母音・音節が)短い;(詩の行の母音が)強勢のない・急に,突然・短いもの;欠けているもの・短篇映画(short movie, short subject) ・=short circuit・《複数形で》不足,欠損 / …‘を'短絡させる,ショートさせる / 短絡する,ショートする
〈C〉『専門用語』,術語 / 〈C〉(一般に)語[句],言葉 / 《複数形で》言い道,言飯遣い / 〈C〉『期間』 / 〈C〉〈U〉『学期』 / 《複数形で》(人との)間柄,仲《+with+名》 / 《複数形で》(協定などの)『条件』;要求額,値段 / 〈C〉(数式で)項 / 《term+名〈目〉+名(形)〈補〉》(…と)…‘を'名づける,呼ぶ
半ズボン,ショートパンツ / 《おもに米》(男物下着の)パンツ
可塑性;柔軟性;適応性

UpToDate Contents

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1. 低身長の原因 causes of short stature
2. 特発性低身長に対する成長ホルモン治療 growth hormone treatment for idiopathic short stature
3. 遺伝性血管浮腫：処置前の予防（短期予防） hereditary angioedema prophylaxis prior to procedures short term prophylaxis
4. 心房細動患者における洞調律維持のための抗不整脈剤：推奨 antiarrhythmic drugs to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation recommendations
5. 切除III期（リンパ節陽性）結腸癌に対する補助化学療法 adjuvant therapy for resected stage iii node positive colon cancer

English Journal

Focal epileptiform activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with long-term attention and sociability deficits.

Hernan AE1, Alexander A2, Jenks KR2, Barry J3, Lenck-Santini PP4, Isaeva E5, Holmes GL4, Scott RC6.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine Dartmouth, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA 05405. Electronic address: Amanda.Hernan@uvm.edu.2Department of Neurology, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine Dartmouth, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.3Department of Neurology, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine Dartmouth, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA 05405.4Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA 05405.5State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kiev 01601, Ukraine; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA 05405.6Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA 05405; University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK. Electronic address: Rodney.Scott@med.uvm.edu.AbstractThere is a well-described association between childhood epilepsy and pervasive cognitive and behavioral deficits. Often these children not only have ictal EEG events, but also frequent interictal abnormalities. The precise role of these interictal discharges in cognition remains unclear. In order to understand the relationship between frequent epileptiform discharges during neurodevelopment and cognition later in life, we developed a model of frequent focal interictal spikes (IIS). Postnatal day (p) 21 rats received injections of bicuculline methiodine into the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Injections were repeated in order to achieve 5 consecutive days of transient inhibitory/excitatory imbalance resulting in IIS. Short-term plasticity (STP) and behavioral outcomes were studied in adulthood. IIS is associated with a significant increase in STP bilaterally in the PFC. IIS rats did not show working memory deficits, but rather showed marked inattentiveness without significant alterations in motivation, anxiety or hyperactivity. Rats also demonstrated significant deficits in social behavior. We conclude that GABAergic blockade during early-life and resultant focal IIS in the PFC disrupt neural networks and are associated with long-term consequences for behavior at a time when IIS are no longer present, and thus may have important implications for ADHD and autism spectrum disorder associated with childhood epilepsy.
Neurobiology of disease.Neurobiol Dis.2014 Mar;63:25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.012. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
There is a well-described association between childhood epilepsy and pervasive cognitive and behavioral deficits. Often these children not only have ictal EEG events, but also frequent interictal abnormalities. The precise role of these interictal discharges in cognition remains unclear. In order to
PMID 24269731

Repeated clenching causes plasticity in corticomotor control of jaw muscles.

Iida T, Komiyama O, Obara R, Baad-Hansen L, Kawara M, Svensson P.Author information Department of Oral Function and Rehabilitation, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan; Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.AbstractThis study tested the effect of short-term tooth-clenching on corticomotor excitability of the masseter muscle using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Fifteen subjects with normal stomatognathic function participated. All subjects performed a tooth-clenching task (TCT) on five consecutive days. The TCT consisted of 10, 20, and 40% of maximum voluntary contraction in a randomized order within 1 h. All subjects underwent TMS in four sessions: pretask day 1 (baseline), post-task day 1, pretask day 5, and post-task day 5. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the masseter and the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles were obtained using TMS in four sessions. Motor thresholds decreased, after the TCT, for the masseter muscle MEPs. Masseter muscle MEPs were dependent on stimulus intensity and on session, whereas FDI muscle MEPs were only dependent on stimulus intensity. Post-hoc Tukey tests demonstrated significantly higher masseter muscle MEPs post-task on day 5 with 80 and 90% stimulus intensity and above when compared with pre- and post-task day 1 values. Our results suggest that the performance of repeated TCTs can trigger neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor control of the jaw-closing muscles and that such neuroplastic changes may contribute to the mechanism underlying the clinical manifestations of tooth clenching.
European journal of oral sciences.Eur J Oral Sci.2014 Feb;122(1):42-8. doi: 10.1111/eos.12101. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
This study tested the effect of short-term tooth-clenching on corticomotor excitability of the masseter muscle using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Fifteen subjects with normal stomatognathic function participated. All subjects performed a tooth-clenching task (TCT) on five consecutive day
PMID 24251829

Nicotine-induced impairments of spatial cognition and long-term potentiation in adolescent male rats.

Han G, An L, Yang B, Si L, Zhang T.Author information 1College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether cognitive behavioral impairment, induced by nicotine in offspring rats, was associated with the alteration of hippocampal short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) and to discuss the potential underlying mechanism. Young adult offspring rats were randomly divided into three groups. The groups include: control group (CC), nicotine group 1 (NC), in which their mothers received nicotine from gestational day 3 (GD3) to GD18, and nicotine group 2 (CN), in which young adult offspring rats received nicotine from postnatal day 42 (PD42) to PD56. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed and then field excitatory postsynaptic potentials elicited by the stimulation of perforant pathway were recorded in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region. The results of the MWM test showed that learning and memory were impaired by either prenatal or postnatal nicotine exposure. In addition, it was found that there was no statistical difference of the MWM data between both nicotine treatments. In the electrophysiological test, LTP and STP were significantly inhibited in both NC and CN groups in comparison with the CC group. Notably, STP in CN group was also lower than that in the NC group. These findings suggested that both prenatal and postnatal exposure to nicotine induced learning and memory deficits, while the potential mechanism might be different from each other due to their dissimilar impairments of synaptic plasticity.
Human & experimental toxicology.Hum Exp Toxicol.2014 Feb;33(2):203-13. doi: 10.1177/0960327113494902. Epub 2013 Jul 8.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cognitive behavioral impairment, induced by nicotine in offspring rats, was associated with the alteration of hippocampal short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) and to discuss the potential underlying mechanism. Young ad
PMID 23836840

Japanese Journal

短期シナプス可塑性をもつネットワークモデルにおける同時記憶容量 (ニューロコンピューティング)

田仲顕至,五十嵐康彦,岡田真人
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 113(500), 97-102, 2014-03-17
NAID 40020047103

短期シナプス可塑性をもつネットワークモデルにおける同時記憶容量

田仲顕至,五十嵐康彦,岡田真人
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. NC, ニューロコンピューティング 113(500), 97-102, 2014-03-10
前頭葉のニューロンは,外部情報を一時的に保持するワーキングメモリーの機能を持つことが電気生理実験において報告されており,この機能がどのように脳内ネットワークにおいて実装されているのか,盛んに理論研究が行われている.近年,短期シナプス可塑性を導入したワーキングメモリーモデルが,生理実験で知られている持続的な発火率状態と振動的な発火率状態をどちらも再現することが報告されている.しかし,この2つの発火率 …
NAID 110009862341