sex steroids

WordNet

1. tell the sex (of young chickens)
2. the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles; "she didnt want to know the sex of the foetus" (同)gender, sexuality
3. all of the feelings resulting from the urge to gratify sexual impulses; "he wanted a better sex life"; "the film contained no sex or violence" (同)sexual urge
4. either of the two categories (male or female) into which most organisms are divided; "the war between the sexes"
5. any of several fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms in four rings; many have important physiological effects
6. having sexual differentiation
7. characterized by sexuality; "highly sexed"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉〈C〉『性』,性別 / 《the~》《形容詞を伴い集合的に》『男性』,『女性』 / 〈U〉(男女(雌雄)間の)相違[の意識] / 〈U〉性に関する事柄(情報) / 〈U〉性交 / 〈ひよこなど〉‘の'性別を見分ける
2. ステロイド(脂肪溶解性の有機化合物の総称)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/13 19:05:08」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Sex steroid
Drug class
Estradiol, an important estrogen sex steroid in both women and men.
Class identifiers
Synonyms	Sex hormone; Gonadal steroid
Use	Various
Biological target	Sex steroid receptors
Chemical class	Steroidal; Nonsteroidal
In Wikidata

Sex steroids, also known as gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate androgen or estrogen receptors. Their effects are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades. The term sex hormone is nearly always synonymous with sex steroid. The non-steroid hormones luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone are usually not regarded as sex hormones, although they play major sex-related roles.

Production

Natural sex steroids are made by the gonads (ovaries or testes), by adrenal glands, or by conversion from other sex steroids in other tissue such as liver or fat.

Types

In many contexts, the two main classes of sex steroids are androgens and estrogens, of which the most important human derivatives are testosterone and estradiol, respectively. Other contexts will include progestogens as a third class of sex steroids, distinct from androgens and estrogens. Progesterone is the most important and only naturally occurring human progestogen. In general, androgens are considered "male sex hormones", since they have masculinizing effects, while estrogens and progestogens are considered "female sex hormones" although all types are present in each sex, albeit at different levels.

Sex steroids include:

• Androgens
  • Androstenedione
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone
  • Dihydrotestosterone
  • Testosterone
• Estrogens
  • Estradiol
  • Estriol
  • Estrone
• Progestogens
  • Progesterone

Synthetic sex steroids

There are also many synthetic sex steroids. Synthetic androgens are often referred to as anabolic steroids. Synthetic estrogens and progestins are used in methods of hormonal contraception. Ethinylestradiol is a semi-synthetic estrogen. Specific compounds that have partial agonist activity for steroid receptors, and therefore act in part like natural steroid hormones, are in use in medical conditions that require treatment with steroid in one cell type, but where systemic effects of the particular steroid in the entire organism are only desirable within certain limits.

See also

• Sexual motivation and hormones

References

External links

• Sex Steroid Hormones at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. ステロイドの全身投与の主な副作用 major side effects of systemic glucocorticoids
• 2. ステロイド服用中の外科患者 the surgical patient taking glucocorticoids
• 3. 神経系および行動に及ぼすステロイドの作用 glucocorticoid effects on the nervous system and behavior
• 4. 幼児および小児における 21-ヒドロキシラーゼ欠損症による典型的な先天性副腎皮質過形成の治療 treatment of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency in infants and children
• 5. 吸入ステロイドの主な副作用 major side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids

English Journal

• GLI1+ progenitor cells in the adrenal capsule of the adult mouse give rise to heterotopic gonadal-like tissue.

• Dörner J1, Martinez Rodriguez V1, Ziegler R1, Röhrig T1, Cochran RS2, Götz RM1, Levin MD2, Pihlajoki M3, Heikinheimo M4, Wilson DB5.
• Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2017 Feb 5;441:164-175. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.043. Epub 2016 Aug 29.
• As certain strains of mice age, hyperplastic lesions resembling gonadal tissue accumulate beneath the adrenal capsule. Gonadectomy (GDX) accelerates this heterotopic differentiation, resulting in the formation of wedge-shaped adrenocortical neoplasms that produce sex steroids. Stem/progenitor cells
• PMID 27585489

• Structural insights into the function of steroidogenic cytochrome P450 17A1.

• Yadav R1, Petrunak EM1, Estrada DF1, Scott EE2.
• Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2017 Feb 5;441:68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.035. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
• Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) operates at the core of human steroidogenesis, directing precursors into mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, or sex steroids. Although the 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities of this dual function enzyme have been investigated extensively, until recently no CY
• PMID 27566228

Japanese Journal

• 妊娠中のアディポサイトカインとインスリン抵抗性 : 耐糖能異常,妊娠高血圧症候群の病態への関与と新たな治療標的の検討(シンポジウム2:周産期「妊娠とインスリン抵抗性」,第64回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

• 増山 寿
• 日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 64(11), 2279-2289, 2012-11-01
• … The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) may participate in insulin resistance in pregnancy, and sex steroids, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P), may also be involved. … DNA affinity immunoblotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed CAR ligand enhanced the recruitment of the gluconeogenic transcription factors, Foxol and HNF-4α, but sex steroids suppressed these recruitments on the CAR responsive element. …
• NAID 110009554124

• 情動,扁桃体と自律神経系 (特集 近縁系をめぐって)

• 上山 敬司
• Brain and nerve : 神経研究の進歩 64(10), 1113-1119, 2012-10
• NAID 40019456361

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下垂体前葉ホルモン」
関連記事	「sex」

「下垂体前葉ホルモン」

　　[★]

英

anterior pituitary hormone

関

下垂体前葉、下垂体、下垂体ホルモン、ホルモン

分泌されるホルモン

• 単純ペプチドホルモン

• 成長ホルモン(growth hormone, GH)
• 副腎皮質刺激ホルモン(adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH)
• プロラクチン(prolactin)

• 糖タンパク質ホルモン

• 甲状腺刺激ホルモン(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)
• 卵胞刺激ホルモン(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)
• 黄体形成ホルモン(luteinizing hormone, LH)

GOO. chapter 55

名称		構造	分泌細胞	下垂体前葉細胞 全細胞に対する 産生細胞の割合	染色性		サブユニット	残基数 (aa.)	分子量 (kDa)	その他
成長ホルモン	GH	ペプチド	somatotroph	40-50%	好酸性		1	191	22
プロラクチン	PRL		mammotroph	10-25%	好酸性		1	199	23
副腎皮質刺激ホルモン	ACTH		corticotroph	0.1	好塩基性	嫌色素性	1	39	4.5	POMC由来
甲状腺刺激ホルモン	TSH	糖タンパク	thyrotroph	0.05	好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:118	28	αサブユニットは共通
卵胞刺激ホルモン	FSH		gonadotroph	10-15%	好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:111	32.6
黄体形成ホルモン	LH				好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:121	29.4

HIM.2196

Table 333-1 Anterior Pituitary Hormone Expression and Regulation
Cell	corticotrope	somatotrope	lactotrope	thyrotrope	gonadotrope
Tissue-specific transcription factor	T-Pit	Prop-1, Pit-1	Prop-1, Pit-1	Prop-1, Pit-1, TEF	SF-1, DAX-1
Fetal appearance	6 weeks	8 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Hormone	POMC	GH	PRL	TSH	FSH LH
Chromosomal locus	2p	17q	6	－6q; －1p	－11p; －19q
Protein	ポリペプチド			糖タンパク
Amino acids	266 (ACTH 1–39)	191	199	211	210 204
Stimulators	CRH, AVP, gp-130 cytokines	GHRH, ghrelin, bromocriptine(1)	estrogen, TRH, VIP	TRH	GnRH, activins, estrogen
Inhibitors	glucocorticoids	somatostatin, IGF-I	dopamine	T3, T4, dopamine, somatostatin, glucocorticoids	sex steroids, inhibin
Target gland	adrenal	liver, other tissues	breast, other tissues	thyroid	ovary, testis
Trophic effect	steroid production	IGF-I production, growth induction, insulin antagonism	milk production	T4 synthesis and secretion	sex steroid production, follicle growth, germ cell maturation

(1):QB.D-253

「sex」

　　[★]

• n.

• 性、(肉体的な)性別、性交

関

coital、coition、coitus、copulation、gender、intercourse、sexual intercourse、sexuality、venereal