serum urea nitrogen

血清尿素窒素

WordNet

1. a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues (同)N, atomic number 7
2. the chief solid component of mammalian urine; synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide and used as fertilizer and in animal feed and in plastics (同)carbamide
3. an amber, watery fluid, rich in proteins, that separates out when blood coagulates (同)blood_serum

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『窒素』(気体元素;化学記号は『N』)
2. 尿素(にょうそ)
3. リンパ液 / 血清
4. serial / series / sermon

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/03 19:06:53」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"BUN" redirects here. For other uses, see Bun (disambiguation).

Blood urea nitrogen
Diagnostics
Urea
MeSH	D001806
LOINC	6299-2, 59570-2, 12961-9, 12963-5, 12962-7

The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Normal human adult blood should contain between 6 to 20 mg of urea nitrogen per 100 ml (6–20 mg/dL) of blood. Individual laboratories will have different reference ranges as the assay used will vary between laboratories.

Interpretation

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is an indication of renal (kidney) health. The normal range is 1.8-7.1 mmol/L or 6–20 mg/dL.

The main causes of an increase in BUN are: high protein diet, decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (suggestive of renal failure) and in blood volume (hypovolemia), congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, fever and increased catabolism. Hypothyroidism can cause both decreased GFR and hypovolemia, however BUN-to-creatinine ratio has been found to be lowered in hypothyroidism and raised in hyperthyroidism.

The main causes of a decrease in BUN are severe liver disease, anabolic state, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone.

Reference ranges for blood tests, comparing urea (yellow at right) to other blood constituents.

Another cause of a decreased BUN is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, which is a genetic disorder inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. OTC Deficiency is also accompanied by hyperammonemia and high orotic acid levels.

Units

BUN (urea-N) is mg/dL in the United States, Mexico, Italy, Austria, and Germany. Elsewhere, the concentration of urea is reported as mmol/L, generally depending on the lab.

To convert from mg/dL of blood urea nitrogen to mmol/L of urea, multiply by 0.357 (each molecule of urea having 2 nitrogens, each of molar mass 14g/mol) (BUN is the mass of nitrogen within urea/volume, not the mass of urea)

Urea [mmol/L] = BUN [mg/dL of nitrogen] x 10 [dL/L] / 14x2 [mg N/mmol urea] (the mass of nitrogen within urea is used)

convert BUN to urea in mg/dL by using following formula:

Urea [mg/dL]= BUN [mg/dL] * 2.14

(conversion factor derived by: MW of urea = 60, MW of urea nitrogen = 14x2 => 60/28 = 2.14)

factor = 1 for conversions in mmol (1 mole N2 = 2 moles N per mole of urea):

BUN [mmol/L]= urea [mmol/L]

See also

• BUN-to-creatinine ratio
• Kt/V
• Urea reduction ratio (URR)
• Urine urea nitrogen
• Standardized Kt/V

References

External links

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 腎機能の評価 assessment of kidney function
• 2. 尿素サイクル障害：臨床的特徴および診断 urea cycle disorders clinical features and diagnosis
• 3. 成人における体液量減少の病因、臨床症状、および診断 etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of volume depletion in adults
• 4. 急性腎障害（急性腎不全）における腎前性疾患および急性尿細管壊死の病因および診断 etiology and diagnosis of prerenal disease and acute tubular necrosis in acute kidney injury acute renal failure
• 5. Evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock

English Journal

• Knockout of interleukin-17A protects against sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

• Luo CJ1,2, Luo F1,3, Zhang L4, Xu Y1, Cai GY2, Fu B2, Feng Z2, Sun XF2, Chen XM5.
• Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2016 Dec;6(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0157-1. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
• BACKGROUND: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is an independent risk factor for death in patients with sepsis, but treatment for it is limited. To improve the diagnosis and treatment of SA-AKI, we must first understand its pathogenesis. Recently, interleukin (IL)-17A has been shown to b
• PMID 27334720

• Acute kidney injury in the perioperative period and in intensive care units (excluding renal replacement therapies).

• Ichai C1, Vinsonneau C2, Souweine B3, Armando F4, Canet E5, Clec'h C6, Constantin JM7, Darmon M8, Duranteau J9, Gaillot T10, Garnier A11, Jacob L12, Joannes-Boyau O13, Juillard L14, Journois D15, Lautrette A16, Muller L17, Legrand M18, Lerolle N19, Rimmelé T20, Rondeau E21, Tamion F22, Walrave Y3, Velly L23; Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar); Société de réanimation de langue française (SRLF); Groupe francophone de réanimation et urgences pédiatriques (GFRUP); Société française de néphrologie (SFN).
• Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2016 Dec;6(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0145-5. Epub 2016 May 27.
• Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome that has progressed a great deal over the last 20 years. The decrease in urine output and the increase in classical renal biomarkers, such as blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, have largely been used as surrogate markers for decreased glomerular filtra
• PMID 27230984

• Association of Age and Lipid Profiles with Measures of Renal Function in an Iranian Population.

• Mohammadi M1,2,3, Avan A1,2, Emamian M2, Khajavi-Rad A4, Aghasizadeh-Sharbaf M2, Tayefi M2, Esmaeili H5, Zomorrodian D2, Moohebati M6, Ebrahimi M6, Nematy M1, Reza Azarpazhooh M6, Mousavi M2, Daneshmand F3, Ferns GA7, Parizadeh MR1, Ghayour-Mobarhan M1,6.
• Journal of dietary supplements.J Diet Suppl.2016 Nov;13(6):616-25. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1155686. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
• PURPOSE: We have investigated the association between markers of renal function [serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] and age and lipid profile in an Iranian population sample of 4,567 subjects.MATERIALS/METHODS: Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, togeth
• PMID 27077696

Japanese Journal

• The Effects of a Selective CK2 Inhibitor on Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis in Rats

• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(9), 1345-1351, 2015
• NAID 130005096987

• アントシアニン高含有アロニアおよびハスカップ果実抽出物は臭素酸カリウム誘導腎酸化障害を低減する

• 日本食品科学工学会誌 62(5), 235-241, 2015
• NAID 130005084753

• Risk Stratification of Acute Kidney Injury Using the Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

• Circulation Journal advpub(0), 1520-1525, 2015
• NAID 130005083935

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「血液尿素窒素」「血清尿素窒素」「SUN」
関連記事	「nitrogen」

「血液尿素窒素」

　　[★]

英

blood urea nitrogen BUN

同

血中尿素窒素、血清尿素窒素 serum urea nitrogen SUN ←最近は、ほとんどの施設で血清をサンプルとしているので、こっちを使うべき

関

BUN/Cr比、尿素窒素、クレアチニン

[show details]

血液尿素窒素 : 約 30,200 件
血中尿素窒素 : 約 9,050 件
血清尿素窒素 : 約 20,600 件

• 血中残余窒素の半分が尿素。腎障害の時に増加する(医学略語辞典)

基準値

• 8-20mg/dl(流れが分かる実践検査マニュアル上巻 p.12)
• 7-20mg/dl(HIM A.)

検査値の異常 (異常値の出るメカニズム第5版 p.144)

BUN上昇

• 1. 組織の異化亢進

• 外科的大手術、体内への出血、異型輸血、悪性腫瘍、飢餓時、高熱、高度熱傷、アジソン病のクリーゼ、糖尿病性アシドーシス、甲状腺機能亢進症、膵臓壊死、重症感染症

• 2. 蛋白摂取量の増加
• 3. 消化管出血

• 赤血球・血漿蛋白が腸管内で分解　→　分解されて生成するNH₃が小腸で吸収される　→ BUN↑

• 4. 腎血流量の減少

• 重症心不全、ショック

• 5. 腎障害

• 尿素排泄機能が低下

• 6. 尿路の閉塞

• 腎後性に尿排泄が阻害されると尿素が血液中にうっ滞する。

「血清尿素窒素」

　　[★]

英

serum urea nitrogen

関

血液尿素窒素

「SUN」

　　[★] 血清尿素窒素 serum urea nitrogen

「nitrogen」

　　[★]

• n.

• 窒素

関

N、N2、nitric