serovar

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/28 01:43:01」(JST)

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Two serotypes 1a and 1b with antigens 2a and 2b on surface.

A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their cell surface antigens, allowing the epidemiologic classification of organisms to the sub-species level. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, S. enterica serovar Typhi, and S. enterica serovar Dublin. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: 0:1 and 0:139.

Serotypes were discovered by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.

Role in organ transplantation

Agglutination of HLA-A3 positive red blood cells (RBCs) with anti-A3 alloreactive antisera containing Anti-A3 IgM

The immune system is capable of discerning a cell as being 'self' or 'non-self' according to that cell's serotype. In humans, that serotype is largely determined by human leukocyte antigen (HLA), the human version of the major histocompatibility complex. Cells determined to be non-self are usually recognized by the immune system as foreign, causing an immune response, such as hemagglutination. Serotypes differ widely between individuals; therefore, if cells from one human (or animal) are introduced into another random human, those cells are often determined to be non-self because they do not match the self-serotype. For this reason, transplants between genetically non-identical humans often induce a problematic immune response in the recipient, leading to transplant rejection. In some situations this effect can be reduced by serotyping both recipient and potential donors to determine the closest HLA match.

Human leukocyte antigens

Serotypes according to HLA (MHC) locus

HLA Locus	# of Serotypes	Broad Antigens	Split Antigens
A	25	4	15
B	50	9
C*	12	1
DR	21	4
DQ	8	2
DP*
*DP and many Cw require SSP-PCR for typing.

Serotyping of Salmonella

The Kauffman–White classification scheme is the basis for naming the manifold serovars of Salmonella. To date, more than 2600 different serotypes have been identified. A Salmonella serotype is determined by the unique combination of reactions of cell surface antigens. The "O" antigen is determined by the outermost portion of the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the "H" antigen is based on the flagellar (protein) antigens. There are two species of Salmonella: Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. Salmonella enterica can be subdivided into six subspecies. The process to identify the serovar of the bacterium consists of finding the formula of cell antigens which represent the variations of the bacteria. First of all, the use of the agglutination method on slides is required in order to get the antigen formula. The agglutination between the antigen and the antibody is made with a specific antisera, which reacts with the antigen to produce a mass. The antigen O is tested with a bacterial suspension from an agar plate whereas the antigen H is tested with a bacterial suspension from a broth culture. The scheme is used to classify the serovar depending on its antigen formula obtained with the reaction of the agglutination.

See also

• Biovar
• Morphovar

References

External links

• HLA Allele and Haplotype Frequency Database

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English Journal

• Deletion of the vacJ gene affects the biology and virulence in Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5.

• Zhao L1, Gao X2, Liu C2, Lv X2, Jiang N3, Zheng S4.
• Gene.Gene.2017 Mar 1;603:42-53. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.12.009. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
• Haemophilus parasuis is an important pathogen causing severe infections in pigs. However, the specific bacterial factors that participate in pathogenic process are poorly understood. VacJ protein is a recently discovered outer membrane lipoprotein that relates to virulence in several pathogens. To c
• PMID 27988234

• Chitosan/sulfated locust bean gum nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo evaluation towards an application in oral immunization.

• Braz L1, Grenha A2, Ferreira D3, Rosa da Costa AM4, Gamazo C5, Sarmento B6.
• International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2017 Mar;96:786-797. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.076. Epub 2016 Dec 31.
• This work proposes the design of nanoparticles based on locus bean gum (LBG) and chitosan to be used as oral immunoadjuvant for vaccination purposes. LBG-based nanoparticles were prepared by mild polyelectrolyte complexation between chitosan (CS) and a synthesized LBG sulfate derivative (LBGS). Morp
• PMID 28049014

• Application of a 222-nm krypton-chlorine excilamp to control foodborne pathogens on sliced cheese surfaces and characterization of the bactericidal mechanisms.

• Ha JW1, Lee JI2, Kang DH3.
• International journal of food microbiology.Int J Food Microbiol.2017 Feb 21;243:96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 13.
• This study was conducted to investigate the basic spectral properties of a 222-nm krypton-chlorine (KrCl) excilamp and its inactivation efficacy against major foodborne pathogens on solid media, as well as on sliced cheese compared to a conventional 254-nm low-pressure mercury (LP Hg) lamp. Selectiv
• PMID 28039742

Japanese Journal

• An attenuated mutant of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serovar O78: a possible live vaccine strain for prevention of avian colibacillosis

• Nagano Tetsuji,Kitahara Rie,Nagai Shinya
• Microbiology and immunology 56(9), 605-612, 2012-09
• NAID 40019409030

• Co-administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 and interferon-α provides enhanced Th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

• Kim Seon Ju,Kim Seong Bum,Han Young Woo
• Microbiology and immunology 56(8), 529-540, 2012-08
• NAID 40019376801

• A Single Residue Determines the Cooperative Binding Property of a Primosomal DNA Replication Protein, PriB, to Single-Stranded DNA

• HUANG Yen-Hua,LIN Hsin-Hsien,HUANG Cheng-Yang
• Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 76(6), 1110-1115, 2012-06-23
• … We characterized and compared the DNA-binding properties of PriB from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 (StPriB) and Escherichia coli (EcPriB). …
• NAID 10030817906

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「血清型」「serogroup」「serotypic」
拡張検索	「Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A」「Leptospira interrogans serovar hebdomadis」「Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis」「Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona」

「血清型」

　　[★]

英

serotype、serogroup、serovar、serotypic

関

セログループ、セロタイプ、血清グループ、血清群

「serogroup」

　　[★]

• 血清型、血清群、セログループ、血清グループ

関

serotype、serotypic、serovar

「serotypic」

　　[★]

• 血清型の

関

serogroup、serotype、serovar

「Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A」

　　[★]

パラチフスA菌

関

Salmonella paratyphi、Salmonella paratyphi A

「Leptospira interrogans serovar hebdomadis」

　　[★]

レプトスピラ・ヘブドマディス、秋疫Bレプトスピラ

「Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis」

　　[★]

腸炎菌

関

Salmonella enteritidis

「Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona」

　　[★] レプトスピラ・ポモナ