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of or relating to a septum (同)septate

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nucleusの複数形

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/16 10:32:20」(JST)

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The septal nuclei (medial olfactory area) are a set of structures that lie below the rostrum of the corpus callosum, anterior to the lamina terminalis (the layer of gray matter in the brain connecting the optic chiasma and the anterior commissure where the latter becomes continuous with the rostral lamina). The septal nuclei are composed of medium-size neurons which are classified into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. The septal area (medial olfactory area) has no relation to the sense of smell, but it is considered a pleasure zone in animals. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens. In the 1950s, Olds & Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self-stimulate repeatedly (i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons).^[1]

Connections with other structures

The dorsal septum projects to the lateral preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, periventricular hypothalamus and midline thalamus.

Fibers from the ventral half of the septum project topographically to the hippocampal formation, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. Specifically, neurons located along the midline in the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca project through the dorsal fornix to all CA fields of the dorsal hippocampus and adjacent subicular cortex. Other fibers from this region project through the stria medullaris to the medial and lateral habenular nuclei, the paratenial and anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, and through the medial forebrain bundle to the pars posterior of the medial mammillary nucleus.

Cells located in the intermediolateral septum also project through the lateral part of the fimbria to all CA fields of the ventral hippocampus and adjacent subicular and entorhinal cortices. These cells also send fibers through the stria medullaris to the lateral habenular nucleus and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Other axons arising from these cells descend through the medial forebrain bundle to terminate in a region dorsal to the interpeduncular nucleus.

The lateral septum is a relay center for connections from the CA3 of the hippocampus to the ventral tegmental area. These connections help link reward signals with the context in which they occur.^[2]

Fibers from the most lateral part of the ventral septum (i.e., bed nucleus of the anterior commissure) project through the stria terminalis to the ventral subiculum. In addition, cells located in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band project massively to the pars posterior of the medial mammillary nucleus, the ventral tegmental area, and amygdala.

External links

Stained brain slice images which include the "septal%20nuclei" at the BrainMaps project

References

^ Olds, J; Milner, P (December 1954). "Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain.". Journal of comparative and physiological psychology 47 (6): 419–27. doi:10.1037/h0058775. PMID 13233369. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
^ Luo, A. H.; Tahsili-Fahadan, P.; Wise, R. A.; Lupica, C. R.; Aston-Jones, G. (14 July 2011). "Linking Context with Reward: A Functional Circuit from Hippocampal CA3 to Ventral Tegmental Area". Science 333 (6040): 353–357. doi:10.1126/science.1204622. PMC 3150711. PMID 21764750. Retrieved 17 March 2013.

Neuroanatomy book of mansoura faculty of medicine(Egypt)

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English Journal

122 Microsurgical Anatomy of the Nucleus Accumbens.

Baydin SS, Yagmurlu K, Tanriover N, Gungor A, Rhoton AL.
Neurosurgery.Neurosurgery.2015 Aug;62 Suppl 1:204. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000467084.70602.41.
INTRODUCTION: To examine the microsurgical anatomy of the nucleus accumbens and related structures using fiber dissection technique.METHODS: Ten formalin-fixed human brains and 2 cadaveric heads were examined by fiber dissection technique under ×6-40 magnifications. The nucleus accumbens was examin
PMID 26181968

Enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability in coronary arteries prevents the onset of heart failure in rats with myocardial infarction.

Couto GK1, Britto LR1, Mill JG2, Rossoni LV3.
Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology.J Mol Cell Cardiol.2015 Jul 28;86:110-120. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.017. [Epub ahead of print]
AIM: The endothelium, mainly via nitric oxide (NO) release, adjusts the coronary flow. Cardiac function is closely linked to blood flow; thus, we tested the hypothesis that NO modulation in coronary arteries could be differentially adjusted after myocardial infarction (MI) in the presence or absence
PMID 26225841

Precortical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related tau cytoskeletal pathology.

Stratmann K1, Heinsen H2, Korf HW1, Del Turco D3, Ghebremedhin E3, Seidel K1, Bouzrou M1, Grinberg LT4,5, Bohl J6, Wharton SB7, den Dunnen W8, Rüb U1.
Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland).Brain Pathol.2015 Jul 20. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12289. [Epub ahead of print]
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most frequent progressive neuropsychiatric disorder worldwide leading to dementia and accounts for 60 to 70% of demented individuals. In view of the early appearance of neuronal deposits of the hyperphosphorylated cytoskeletal protein tau in the transentorhina
PMID 26193084

Japanese Journal

Depletion of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus of the medial septum and the vertical limb of the diagonal band in the dementia with Lewy bodies

Fujishiro Hiroshige,Umegaki Hiroyuki,Isojima Daisuke 他
聖マリアンナ医学研究誌 7 (82), 15-20, 2007-00-00
NAID 40015443843

<総説> 内側手綱核の線維結合

細谷安彦
筑波大学医療技術短期大学部研究報告 23, 1-6, 2002-03-00
… The main descending afferent to MHN originates from the septal complex, such as the septofimbrial and septotriangular nuclei. … In addition to the septal complex, we showed that the bed nucleus of the stria medularis thalami was a new afferent source to MHN. …
NAID 110000383052

Heat shock protein 72 expression in the right ventricle of patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.

Nakamura Koki,Irie Hiroyuki,Fujisawa Emi,Yoshioka Hidekatsu,Ninomiya Yoshifumi,Sakuma Isao,Sano Shunji
Acta Medica Okayama 54(3), 2000-06-00
… The diagnoses were Tetralogy of Fallot in seven, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) in three, complex anomalies in three, and VSD in one patient. … Immunostaining using monoclonal antibody against HSP 72 showed that the protein was present in the nuclei and cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. …
NAID 120002311797

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「中隔核」「medial septal nucleus」「lateral septal nucleus」「nucleus of stria terminalis」「bed nucleus of stria terminalis」
関連記事	「nuclei」「septal」