rhizopus

Rhizopus
	Schematic diagram of Rhizopus spp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Zygomycota
Class:	Mucormycotina
Order:	Mucorales
Family:	Mucoraceae
Genus:	Rhizopus; Ehrenb. (1820)
Type species
	Rhizopus nigricans; Ehrenb. (1820)
Synonyms
	Crinofera Nieuwl. (1916); Pilophora Wallr. (1833)

WordNet

any of various rot causing fungi of the genus Rhizopus

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/03 14:53:07」(JST)

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Rhizopus is a genus of common saprobic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals. They are found on a wide variety of organic substrates, including "mature fruits and vegetables",^[2] faeces, jellies, syrups, leather, bread, peanuts and tobacco. Some Rhizopus species are opportunistic agents of human zygomycosis (fungal infection) and can be fatal. Rhizopus infections may also be a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis.^[3] This widespread genus includes ten species.^[4]

Rhizopus species grow as filamentous, branching hyphae that generally lack cross-walls (i.e., they are coenocytic). They reproduce by forming asexual and sexual spores. In asexual reproduction, sporangiospores are produced inside a spherical structure, the sporangium. Sporangia are supported by a large apophysate columella atop a long stalk, the sporangiophore. Sporangiophores arise among distinctive, root-like rhizoids. In sexual reproduction, a dark zygospore is produced at the point where two compatible mycelia fuse. Upon germination, a zygospore produces colonies that are genetically different from either parent.

R. arrhizus causes fruit rot on apples.
R. artocarpi causes fruit drop of jack fruit.
R. nigricans (bread mold) grows on spoiled food.
R. oligosporus is used to make tempeh, a fermented food derived from soybeans.
R. oryzae is used in the production of alcoholic beverages in parts of Asia and Africa.
R. stolonifer (black bread mold) causes fruit rot on strawberry, tomato, and sweet potato and used in commercial production of fumaric acid and cortisone.

Species[edit]

Rhizopus arrhizus
Rhizopus azygosporus
Rhizopus circinans
Rhizopus microsporus
Rhizopus nigricans
Rhizopus oligosporus
Rhizopus oryzae
Rhizopus schipperae
Rhizopus sexualis
Rhizopus stolonifer
Rhizopus artocarpi

References[edit]

^ "Rhizopus Ehrenb. 1820". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 599. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
^ Chinn RY, Diamond RD. (1982). "Generation of chemotactic factors by Rhizopus oryzae in the presence and absence of serum: relationship to hyphal damage mediated by human neutrophils and effects of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis". Infection and Immunity 38 (3): 1123–29.
^ Zheng RY, Chen GQ, Huang H, Liu XY. (2007). "A monograph of Rhizopus". Sydowia 59 (2): 273–372.

External links[edit]

Rhizopus at Zygomycetes.org
Photos of Rhizopus spp. used for tempeh-making at www.tempeh.idv.tw

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Immobilization of lipase from Mucor miehei and Rhizopus oryzae into mesoporous silica-The effect of varied particle size and morphology.

Gustafsson H, Johansson EM, Barrabino A, Odén M, Holmberg K.SourceChalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.2012 Dec 1;100:22-30. Epub 2012 May 24.
Immobilization of enzymes usually improves the recyclability and stability and can sometimes also improve the activity compared to enzymes free in solution. Mesoporous silica is a widely studied material as host for immobilized enzymes because of its large internal surface area and tunable pores. It
PMID 22750108

Efficient heterologous expression and secretion in Aspergillus oryzae of a llama variable heavy-chain antibody fragment V(HH) against EGFR.

Okazaki F, Aoki J, Tabuchi S, Tanaka T, Ogino C, Kondo A.SourceOrganization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2012 Oct;96(1):81-8. Epub 2012 May 29.
We have constructed a filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae that secretes a llama variable heavy-chain antibody fragment (V(HH)) that binds specifically to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a culture medium. A major improvement in yield was achieved by fusing the V(HH) with a Taka-amylase A
PMID 22644525

Japanese Journal

Efficacy of aerosolized liposomal amphotericin B against murine invasive pulmonary mucormycosis

Mihara Tomo,Kakeya Hiroshi,Izumikawa Koichi,Obata Yoko,Nishino Tomoya,Takazono Takahiro,Kosai Kosuke,Morinaga Yoshitomo,Kurihara Shintaro,Nakamura Shigeki,Imamura Yoshifumi,Miyazaki Taiga,Tsukamoto Misuzu,Yamamoto Yoshihiro,Yanagihara Katsunori,Tashiro Takayoshi,Kohno Shigeru
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 20(2), 104-108, 2014-02
… ICR female mice were immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate and cyclophosphamide and challenged on day 0 with 1 × 106 conidia of Rhizopus oryzae (TIMM 1327) intratracheally. …
NAID 120005477014

ムーコル症 : 診断の実際とピットフォール (特集肺真菌症の診断・治療におけるピットフォール)

梅山隆,大野秀明,宮﨑義継
呼吸器内科 25(1), 32-37, 2014-01
NAID 40019961858

Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Inducing Effect of Soybean Broth Cultured with Microorganisms Used in the Production of Fermented Soybean Foods on Human Monoblastic Leukemia U937 Cells

Inagaki Shyuichiro,Kato Takahiro,Ichige Kuniyasu
Food Science and Technology Research 20(2), 499-504, 2014
… We cultured the SB with six pure strains of microorganisms (Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sojae, Rhizopus oligosporus, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Bacillus subtilis (natto), and Tetragenococcus halophilus) used commercially in the production of fermented soybean foods, including miso, soy sauce, natto and tempeh, and examined their cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effect on U937 cells. …
NAID 130004463450

Related Pictures

Rhizopus faj Rhizopus bread mold under microscope Rhizopus on a shop bought Strawberry Rhizopus (Rhizopus Oryzae) Rhizopus sp. (Zigomiceto) Other 100X views of Rhizopus :

[urlMycoBank:_Rhizopus-1] "Rhizopus Ehrenb. 1820". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-02-05.

[Kirk2008-2] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 599. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

[Chinn1982-3] Chinn RY, Diamond RD. (1982). "Generation of chemotactic factors by Rhizopus oryzae in the presence and absence of serum: relationship to hyphal damage mediated by human neutrophils and effects of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis". Infection and Immunity 38 (3): 1123–29.

[Zheng2007-4] Zheng RY, Chen GQ, Huang H, Liu XY. (2007). "A monograph of Rhizopus". Sydowia 59 (2): 273–372.

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