rhinosporidiosis

リノス・リジウム症 　

WordNet

1. fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/01/21 22:44:32」(JST)

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Rhinosporidiosis
Rhinosporidiosis in oropharynx
Classification and external resources
Specialty	infectious disease
ICD-10	B48.1
ICD-9-CM	117.0
DiseasesDB	31328
eMedicine	med/2029
MeSH	D012227

Rhinosporidiosis is an infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi.

Classification

This organism was previously considered to be a fungus, and rhinosporidiosis is classified as a fungal disease under ICD-10.

It is now considered to be a protist classified under Mesomycetozoea.

Authors of detailed studies have revealed superficial similarities between Dermocystidium and Rhinosporidium when using light microscopy, but substantial morphological differences between the groups exist.

There is some evidence that DNA extracted from purified uncontaminated round bodies (Rhinosporidium seeberi) is of cyanobacterial origin.

Pathophysiology

Rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous disease affecting the mucous membrane of nasopharynx, oropharynx, conjunctiva, rectum and external genitalia. Though the floor of the nose and inferior turbinate are the most common sites, the lesions may appear elsewhere too. Traumatic inoculation from one site to others is common. Laryngeal rhinosporidiosis, too, has been described and may be due to inoculation from the nose during endotracheal intubation. After inoculation, the organism replicates locally, resulting in hyperplasia of host tissue and localised immune response.

• infection of nose and nasopharynx - 70%
• infection of palpebral conjunctiva - 15%

Diagnosis

• History
  • Unilateral nasal obstruction
  • Epistaxis
  • Local pruritus
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Coryza (rhinitis) with sneezing
  • Post nasal discharge with cough
  • Foreign body sensation
  • History of exposure to contaminated water
  • Increased tearing and photo phobia in cases of infection of palpebral conjunctiva
• On examination
  • Pink to deep red polyps
  • Strawberry like appearance
  • Bleeds easily upon manipulation
• Diagnosis
  • confirmed by biopsy and histopathology - several round or oval sporangia and spores which may be seen bursting through its chitinous wall

Treatment

• Surgical excision - wide excision with wide area electro-coagulation of the lesion base
• Medical treatment is not so effective but treatment with a year-long course of dapsone has been reported

Epidemiology

Disease endemic in Chhattisgarh South India, Sri Lanka, South America and Africa. It is presumed to be transmitted by exposure to the pathogen when taking a bath in stagnant water pools where animals also bathe.

References

Books

Rhinosporidiosis in humans and animals and Rhinosporidium seeberi by Sarath N Arseculeratne and Dhammika N Atapattu (2011-1st edition)

English Journal

• Educational report: A case of lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis.

• Jamison A1, Crofts K2, Roberts F3, Gregory ME2.
• Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Orbit.2016 Oct;35(5):254-7. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2016.1193529. Epub 2016 Aug 10.
• This article reports a presentation of lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis and informs the reader of this uncommon but important diagnosis. A 36-year-old man from Pakistan presented with a 3-month history of swelling at the nasal aspect of the left lower lid. This was associated with occasional crepitus a
• PMID 27541939

• Elusive treatment for human rhinosporidiosis.

• Janardhanan J1, Patole S1, Varghese L1, Rupa V1, Tirkey AJ1, Varghese GM2.
• International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.Int J Infect Dis.2016 Jul;48:3-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.04.013. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
• OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to clarify the contentious taxonomic classification of Rhinosporidium seeberi, the cause of human rhinosporidiosis, which may have treatment implications.METHODS: PCR was used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 region from the genomic DNA of the
• PMID 27109109

• Scleromalacia Perforans from Long-Standing Bulbar Conjunctival Rhinosporidiosis.

• Bothra N1, Mittal R2, Tripathy D1.
• Ophthalmology.Ophthalmology.2016 Jul;123(7):1493. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.04.010.
• PMID 27342330

Japanese Journal

• 上咽頭に発生したリノスポリジウム症例

• 日本耳鼻咽喉科感染症・エアロゾル学会会誌 = The journal of Japan Society for Infection and Aerosol in Otorhinolaryngology 2(1), 11-13, 2014
• NAID 40020438098

• リノスポリジウム症例

• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 101(7), 515-519, 2008-07-01
• NAID 10021295002

• Subcutaneous Swellings due to Rhinosporidiosis

• Journal of dermatology 32(2), 150-152, 2005-02-01
• NAID 10020272620

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