WordNet

of amnesia; affecting time immediately preceding trauma
go back over; "retrograde arguments" (同)rehash, hash over
move back; "The glacier retrogrades" (同)retreat
going from better to worse (同)retrogressive
move backward in an orbit, of celestial bodies
move in a direction contrary to the usual one; "retrograding planets"
moving from east to west on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in a direction opposite to that of the Earth
an X ray of the kidneys and ureters

PrepTutorEJDIC

後戻りする,後退する / 悪化する / (生物が)退化する / 後退する,逆行する / 悪くなる / 〈生物が〉退化する

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/24 05:34:40」(JST)

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Retrograde pyelogram is a urologic procedure where the physician injects contrast into the ureter in order to visualize the ureter and kidney. The flow of contrast (up from the bladder to the kidney) is opposite the usual flow of urine, hence the retrograde name.

Reasons for performing a retrograde pyelogram include identification of filling defects (e.g. stones or tumors), as an adjunct during the placement of ureteral stents or ureteroscopy, or to delineate renal anatomy in preparation for surgery. Retrograde pyelography is generally done when an intravenous excretory study (IVP or contrast CT scan) cannot be done because of renal disease or allergy to intravenous contrast.

Relative contraindications include the presence of infected urine, pregnancy and contrast allergy.

The procedure requires cystoscopy and the placement of a small tube into the lower part of the ureter to inject contrast and opacify the ureter and renal pelvis. Fluoroscopy, or dynamic X-Rays, is typically used for visualization. The procedure is usually done under general or regional anesthesia.

References

Campbell's Textbook of Urology, Chapter 3, Urinary Tract Imaging, Basic Principles

UpToDate Contents

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1. 腎疾患の放射線学的評価 radiologic assessment of renal disease
2. 尿管ステントの留置およびマネージメント placement and management of indwelling ureteral stents
3. 上部および下部尿生殖路の貫通性外傷：初期評価およびマネージメント penetrating trauma of the upper and lower genitourinary tract initial evaluation and management
4. 後腹膜線維症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis
5. 鈍的尿生殖器外傷：初期評価およびマネージメント blunt genitourinary trauma initial evaluation and management

English Journal

Computed tomographic retrograde positive contrast cystography and computed tomographic excretory urography characterization of a urinary bladder diverticulum in a dog.

Anson A1, Strohmayer C1, Larrinaga JM2, Iglesias E3, Almela R4, Ramírez G5, Cervera V6.
Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association.Vet Radiol Ultrasound.2018 Jan 14. doi: 10.1111/vru.12591. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 29333663

Delayed Diagnosis of Ureteral Injury Following Penetrating Abdominal Trauma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Taqi KM1, Nassr MM2, Al Jufaili JS3, Abu-Qasida AI2, Mathew J1, Al-Qadhi H1.
The American journal of case reports.Am J Case Rep.2017 Dec 23;18:1377-1381.
PMID 29273706

Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty combined with port entrance flexible renoscopic lithotripsy.

Gokcen K1, Gokce G1, Dundar G2, Cicek R1, Gulbahar H1, Gultekin EY1.
International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology.Int Braz J Urol.2017 Dec 18;43. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2017.0401. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 29244271

Japanese Journal

生体腎移植後自己腎に発生したRhabdoid Tumorの一例

佐藤泰之,飯塚淳平,今井健二,沢田勇吾,小松智徳,家後理枝,近藤恒徳,石田英樹,田邉一成
日本泌尿器科學會雜誌 101(5), 683-688, 2010-07-20
Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidneyは小児に発生する悪性度の高い稀な腫瘍である.更に,成人発症例は極めて稀で調べえた限り海外での4例のみであり,日本国内での発症で生体腎移植後の報告は無い.今回我々は若干の文献的考察を交えてこれを報告する.症例は30歳男性でIgA腎症を原疾患とし28歳時に血液透析導入した.29歳時母をドナーとする血液型適合の生体腎移植を施行した.移植後83日目に …
NAID 110007682273

腎盂に発生したG-CSF産生腎浸潤性尿路上皮癌の2例

逢坂公人,小林将貴,高野哲三,土屋ふとし,岩崎晧,石塚榮一,長嶋洋治
泌尿器科紀要 55(4), 223-227, 2009-04
… Retrograde pyelogram and CT scan demonstrated a right renal pelvic tumor and we performed right nephroureterectomy. …
NAID 120001265566

間欠性水腎症を呈した両側多発性尿管ポリープの1例

押野見和彦,辻井俊彦,南方良仁,実重学,佐藤裕之,浅沼宏,宍戸清一郎
日本泌尿器科學會雜誌 99(1), 43-47, 2008-01-20
尿管ポリープは尿管の良性腫瘍で最も一般的であるものの,その疫学に不明な点は多く,また多発性,両側性の発生はきわめて稀である.今回我々は,間欠性水腎症を呈した両側尿管ポリープ症例を経験したので報告する.症例は8歳男児.右側腹部痛と肉眼的血尿を主訴に前医受診し,超音波検査にて水腎症を指摘された.自然軽快するもののその後同様の症状を繰り返すため当院を紹介受診した.経静脈性腎盂造影および逆行性腎盂尿管造影 …
NAID 110006548699