WordNet

that stimulates; "stimulant phenomena" (同)stimulating
a drug that temporarily quickens some vital process (同)stimulant_drug, excitant
pertaining to respiration; "respiratory assistance"
a breathing device for administering long-term artificial respiration (同)inhalator

PrepTutorEJDIC

刺激[するもの] / 興奮性飲食物
呼吸の,呼吸作用の,呼吸のための
《米》人工呼吸装置 / (一般に)マスク;防毒マスク

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/14 15:05:15」(JST)

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Doxapram hydrochloride (marketed as Dopram, Stimulex or Respiram) is a respiratory stimulant. Administered intravenously, doxapram stimulates an increase in tidal volume, and respiratory rate.

Mechanism of action

A vial of doxapram

Doxapram stimulates chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies of the carotid arteries, which in turn, stimulates the respiratory centre in the brain stem.

Appearance

Doxapram is a white to off-white, odorless, crystalline powder that is stable in light and air. It is soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in ether. Injectable products have a pH from 3.5-5. Benzyl alcohol or chlorobutanol is added as a preservative agent in the commercially available injections.

Uses

Doxapram is used in intensive care settings to stimulate the respiratory rate in patients with respiratory failure. It may be useful for treating respiratory depression in patients who have taken excessive doses of drugs such as buprenorphine which may fail to respond adequately to treatment with naloxone.^[1]

It is equally effective as pethidine in suppressing shivering after surgery.^[2]

Side effects

Side effects include high blood pressure, panic attacks, rapid heart rate, tremor, sweating and vomiting. Convulsions have been reported. Its use is relatively contraindicated in people with coronary heart disease, epilepsy, and high blood pressure. It is also contraindicated in newborns and small children, mainly due to the presence of benzyl alcohol, which is included as a preservative.

References

^ Buprenorphine Drug Data Sheet
^ Singh, P; Dimitriou, V; Mahajan, RP; Crossley, AW (1993). "Double-blind comparison between doxapram and pethidine in the treatment of postanaesthetic shivering". British journal of anaesthesia 71 (5): 685–8. doi:10.1093/bja/71.5.685. PMID 8251281.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 肥満低換気症候群の治療 treatment of the obesity hypoventilation syndrome
2. 高炭酸ガス血症を伴う急性呼吸不全を有する成人患者の評価、診断、および治療 the evaluation diagnosis and treatment of the adult patient with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure
3. 換気調節障害 disorders of ventilatory control
4. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における睡眠呼吸障害の治療 treatment of sleep disordered breathing in copd
5. 睡眠の質および睡眠の構造に対する薬剤の効果 the effects of medications on sleep quality and sleep architecture

English Journal

Efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonist with anti-H1 receptor antagonist plus anti-H2 receptor antagonist for treatment of refractory chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Wan KS1, Chang YS.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Dec;25(6):459-61. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.849791. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of the combination of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LRA) and H1 antihistamine was similar to the synergistic regimen of H1 and H2 antihistamine for treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). However, the effective rates of these two regimens were only 53.3% and 63.3
PMID 24192062

Chemerin reduces vascular nitric oxide/cGMP signalling in rat aorta: a link to vascular dysfunction in obesity?

Neves KB, Lobato NS1, Lopes RA2, Filgueira FP2, Zanotto CZ1, Oliveira AM3, Tostes RC2.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Jul;127(2):111-22. doi: 10.1042/CS20130286.
The adipokine chemerin has been implicated in cardiovascular complications associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Chemerin has direct effects on the vasculature, augmenting vascular responses to contractile stimuli. As NO/cGMP signalling plays a role in vascular dysfunction associated w
PMID 24498891

Evaluation of dedicated infectious diseases pharmacists on antimicrobial stewardship teams.

Yu K1, Rho J2, Morcos M2, Nomura J2, Kaplan D2, Sakamoto K2, Bui D2, Yoo S2, Jones J2.
American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.Am J Health Syst Pharm.2014 Jun 15;71(12):1019-28. doi: 10.2146/ajhp130612.
PURPOSE: Patient care improvements and cost savings achieved by a large integrated health system through the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) at two hospitals are reported.METHODS: A pre-post analysis was conducted to evaluate cost and quality outcomes at the two ASP sites
PMID 24865759

Japanese Journal

Utility of MostGraph and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement in Chronic Cough

中野千裕
東邦医学会雑誌 61(2), 81-91, 2014-03
… Respiratory resistance was measured with the MostGraph-01 device (Chest MI Inc., Tokyo, Japan), FENO was measured with the NIOX-MINO (R) portable analyzer (Aerocrine, AB, Solna, Sweden), and pulmonary function was evaluated with spirometry. … Participants were treated with a combination of β stimulant and inhaled corticosteroid. …
NAID 120005419019

アスリートと咳（慢性咳嗽を中心に）―最近の研究の動向―

田中繁宏
健康運動科学 1, 1-5, 2010-12
… Cough is aprotective reflex of the respiratory tract that is mainly used to clear the upper airways. … Chroniccough lasting for more than 8 weeks is commonly seen by the out patient respiratory or laryngealphysicians. … Inhaled ciclesonide（ corticosteroid） combined with tulobuterol（β2-stimulant） is recommended for the treatment of CVA because these agents are likelyto act on peripheral airways. …
NAID 120005265256

β_2刺激薬吸入により喫煙誘発胸痛発作が消失した1例

谷口浩和,神原健太,今西信悟,阿保斉,泉三郎
日本呼吸器学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Respiratory
NAID 10024821563

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「呼吸興奮薬」「呼吸促進薬」「respiratory system agent」「呼吸刺激薬」
関連記事	「respiratory」「stimulant」

「呼吸興奮薬」

Doxapram
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	1-ethyl-4- (2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)- 3,3-diphenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one
Clinical data
Legal status	℞ (Prescription only);
Routes of; administration	Intravenous
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	309-29-5
ATC code	R07AB01
PubChem	CID: 3156
DrugBank	DB00561
ChemSpider	3044
UNII	94F3830Q73
KEGG	D07873
ChEBI	CHEBI:681848
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1754
Chemical data
Formula	C24H30N2O2
Molecular mass	378.507 g/mol
	SMILES O=C4N(CC)CC(CCN1CCOCC1)C4(c2ccccc2)c3ccccc3 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C24H30N2O2/c1-2-26-19-22(13-14-25-15-17-28-18-16-25)24(23(26)27,20-9-5-3-6-10-20)21-11-7-4-8-12-21/h3-12,22H,2,13-19H2,1H3 ; Key:XFDJYSQDBULQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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