WordNet
- write by means of a keyboard with types; "type the acceptance letter, please" (同)typewrite
- a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper; "he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up"
- (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
- a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
- all of the tokens of the same symbol; "the word `element contains five different types of character"
- printed characters; "small type is hard to read"
- identify as belonging to a certain type; "Such people can practically be typed" (同)typecast
- a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
- writing done with a typewriter (同)typewriting
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉(…の)『型』,タイプ,類型,種類(kind)《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(その種類の特質を最もよく表している)『典型』,手本,模範《+of+名》 / 〈U〉《集合的に》活字;〈C〉(1個の)活字 / 〈U〉(印刷された)字体,活字 / 〈C〉(貨幣・メダルなどの)模様,図柄 / 〈C〉血液型(blood group) / …‘を'タイプに打つ / (…として)…‘を'分類する《+名+as+名(doing)》 / …‘の'型を決める / タイプライターを打つ
- =sense organ / 受信装置
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 低アルドステロン症（4型RTA）の病因、診断、および治療 etiology diagnosis and treatment of hypoaldosteronism type 4 rta
- 2. カルシウム感知性受容体障害：家族性低カルシウム尿性高カルシウム血症および常染色体優性低カルシウム血症 disorders of the calcium sensing receptor familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia
- 3. 選択的エストロゲン受容体モジュレーターの作用機序 mechanisms of action of selective estrogen receptor modulators
- 4. インスリン様成長因子 Iの生理学 physiology of insulin like growth factor i
- 5. リポ蛋白の分類、代謝、およびアテローム性動脈硬化症における役割 lipoprotein classification metabolism and role in atherosclerosis
English Journal
- Novel treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: As₂O₃, retinoic acid and retinoid pharmacology.
- Zhu G, Mische SE, Seigneres B1.Author information 1Institute of Oncology of George Zhu, 422407, Beijing, China. sansan4240732@163.com.AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia(APL), a specific characteristic of t(15;17) chromosome translocation, represents 5% to 15% of cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. An alternative approach is to consider retinoic acid(all-trans RA, ATRA or 13-cis RA or 9-cis RA) plus chemotherapy or RA plus As₂O₃ regimens as now novel therapy. Molecular gene analyses are conclusive in vivo evidence that oncogenic PML/RARa plays a crucial role in APL leukemogenesis. As a novel approach to APL treatment, one possible the action of RA, A consense sequence (5'-TCAGGTCATGACCTGA-3') has been postulated for the thyroid hormone (TRE) and retinoic acid responsive element (RARE) containing half palindromes, which located in the promoter region of target genes. High dose (100-fold) of RA-RARE-PML/RARa complex in intracellular localization appears to relieve repressor from DNA binding, including corepressors N-CoR, SMRT and HDACs, release PML/RARa- mediated transcriptional repression, and release histone deacetylase activity from PMLRARa. The resulting PML/RARa oncoprotein proteolytic degradation through the autophagy-lysosome pathway and the ubiquitin SUMO-proteasome system (UPS), as well as caspase 3 (cleavage site Asp522 within a-helics region of PML component of the fusion protein) or neutrophil elastase, or lysosomal protease enzyme induction. PML protein relocalizes into the wild-type nuclear body (PML-NB) configuration or/and wild-type RARa upregulated. An effect to relieve the blockade (inhibition) of PML/RARA-mediated RA dependent promyelocytic differentiation, and retinoic acid in APL therapy (see Figure in the full text, George Zhu, 1991). Here, like v-erbA, PML/RARa is a (strong) transcriptional repressor of the RA receptor (RAR) complex, and PML/RARa fusion receptor gene act as conditional oncogenic receptor (translocated chimeric retinoic acid a signaling) or oncogenic PML/RARa may participate in leukemogenesis of APL through blocking RA-mediated promyelocytic differentiation. This is first described in eukaryotes.
- Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.Curr Pharm Biotechnol.2014 Oct;14(9):849-58.
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL), a specific characteristic of t(15;17) chromosome translocation, represents 5% to 15% of cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. An alternative approach is to consider retinoic acid(all-trans RA, ATRA or 13-cis RA or 9-cis RA) plus chemotherapy or RA plus As₂O₃
- PMID 24433507
- pH-controllable drug carrier with SERS activity for targeting cancer cells.
- Fang W1, Wang Z2, Zong S1, Chen H1, Zhu D1, Zhong Y1, Cui Y3.Author information 1Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China.2Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: wangzy@seu.edu.cn.3Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: cyp@seu.edu.cn.AbstractA type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. The pH-sensitive releasing characteristics can be achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a layer of chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA), while strong SERS signals can be obtained from the SERS reporter tagged Ag nanoparticles in the core. Our experimental results show that doxorubicin (DOX) was effectively encapsulated into the nanocarriers and can be released in response to the ambient pH value. Specifically, an increased amount of DOX release was observed at lower pH value. In addition, the composite nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) to target transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed cancer cells. The targeting ability as well as the intracellular location of the drug carrier was investigated through SERS mapping while the distribution of DOX was monitored by fluorescence images. The results show that the demonstrated drug carrier can simultaneously fulfill the functionalities of pH-responsive drug release, SERS-traceable characteristics and cancer cells targeting, which has a unique potential for the pH-controllable drug delivery nanosystems.
- Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Jul 15;57:10-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.042. Epub 2014 Feb 2.
- A type of pH-controllable drug carrier is demonstrated based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and chitosan/poly (methacrylic acid), which can simultaneously serve as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) traceable drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. The pH-sensitive releasing characte
- PMID 24525050
- Chronic oral administration of Ang-(1-7) improves skeletal muscle, autonomic and locomotor phenotypes in muscular dystrophy.
- Sabharwal R1, Cicha MZ2, Sinisterra RD3, De Sousa FB4, Santos RA3, Chapleau MW.Author information 1*Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A.2†Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, U.S.A.3‡Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.4§Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, MG, Brazil.AbstractMuscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting, dilated cardiomyopathy and early mortality. There are different types of muscular dystrophies with varying aetiologies but they all have a common hallmark of myofibre degeneration, atrophy and decreased mobility. Mutation in Sgcd (sarcoglycan-δ), a subunit of dystrophin glycoprotein complex, causes LGMD2F (limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F). Previously, we have reported that Sgcd-deficient (Sgcd-/-) mice exhibit AngII (angiotensin II)-induced autonomic and skeletal muscle dysfunction at a young age, which contributes to onset of dilated cardiomyopathy and mortality at older ages. Two counter-regulatory RAS (renin-angiotensin system) pathways have been identified: deleterious actions of AngII acting on the AT1R (AngII type 1 receptor) compared with the protective actions of Ang-(1-7) [angiotensin-(1-7)] acting on the receptor Mas. We propose that the balance between the AngII/AT1R and Ang-(1-7)/Mas axes is disturbed in Sgcd-/- mice. Control C57BL/6J and Sgcd-/- mice were treated with Ang-(1-7) included in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (in drinking water) for 8-9 weeks beginning at 3 weeks of age. Ang-(1-7) treatment restored the AngII/AT1R compared with Ang-(1-7)/Mas balance, decreased oxidative stress and fibrosis in skeletal muscle, increased locomotor activity, and prevented autonomic dysfunction without lowering blood pressure in Sgcd-/- mice. Our results suggest that correcting the early autonomic dysregulation by administering Ang-(1-7) or enhancing its endogenous production may provide a novel therapeutic approach in muscular dystrophy.
- Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Jul 1;127(2):101-9. doi: 10.1042/CS20130602.
- Muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting, dilated cardiomyopathy and early mortality. There are different types of muscular dystrophies with varying aetiologies but they all have a common hallmark of myofibre degeneration
- PMID 24502705
Japanese Journal
- Crucial involvement of the CCL3-CCR5 axis-mediated fibroblast accumulation in colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice
- Sasaki Soichiro,Baba Tomohisa,Shinagawa Kei,Matsushima Kouji,Mukaida Naofumi
- International Journal of Cancer 135(6), 1297-1306, 2014-09-15
- … AOM/DSS-induced tumor formation was reduced in CCL3- or its specific receptor, CCR5-deficient mice despite the presence of a massive infiltration of inflammatory cells. … However, AOM/DSS-induced type I collagen-positive fibroblast accumulation in the colon was reduced in CCL3- or CCR5-deficient mice. … They learned that CCL3 and its receptor, CCR5, gather up cancer-associated fibroblasts, which promote transformation and tumor growth. …
- NAID 120005463351
- Predictive factor and antihypertensive usage of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced hypertension in kidney cancer patients
- Izumi Kouji,Itai Shingo,Takahashi Yoshiko,Maolake Aerken,Namiki Mikio
- Oncology Letters 8(1), 305-308, 2014-09
- … Hypertension (HT) is the common adverse event associated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKI). … The present study was performed to identify the predictive factors of TKI-induced HT and to determine the classes of antihypertensive agents (AHTA) that demonstrate optimal efficacy against this type of HT. …
- NAID 120005463333
- Ecdysone differentially regulates metamorphic timing relative to 20-hydroxyecdysone by antagonizing juvenile hormone in Drosophila melanogaster.
- Ono Hajime
- Developmental biology 391(1), 32-42, 2014-07-01
- … In insects, a steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), plays important roles in the regulation of developmental transitions by initiating signaling cascades via the ecdysone receptor (EcR). … I found that feeding E to wild-type third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster accelerates the metamorphic timing, which results in elevation of lethality during metamorphosis and reduced body size, while 20E has only a minor effect. …
- NAID 120005439529
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
「受容体型」
「レセプター型」
「受容体タイプ」
「レセプタータイプ」
「non-receptor type 6 protein tyrosine phosphatase」
「non-receptor type 3 protein tyrosine phosphatase」
「TNF receptor type 1」
「TNF receptor type 2」
「type」
- n.
- (windows)ファイル内容表示(linux -> cat])
- ex. type report_20111118.jp.htm | php a.php > report_20111118.jp.jp.jp.html
「typed」
- adj.
- 型の
「typing」
- n.
- タイプで打つこと、タイピング。分類