radius fracture

• 橈骨骨折

WordNet

1. interrupt, break, or destroy; "fracture the balance of power"
2. breaking of hard tissue such as bone; "it was a nasty fracture"; "the break seems to have been caused by a fall" (同)break
3. fracture a bone of; "I broke my foot while playing hockey" (同)break
4. become fractured; "The tibia fractured from the blow of the iron pipe"
5. break (a bone); "She broke her clavicle"
6. break into pieces; "The pothole fractured a bolt on the axle"
7. violate or abuse; "This writer really fractures the language"
8. the act of cracking something (同)crack, cracking
9. a straight line from the center to the perimeter of a circle (or from the center to the surface of a sphere)
10. the length of a line segment between the center and circumference of a circle or sphere (同)r
11. a circular region whose area is indicated by the length of its radius; "they located it within a radius of 2 miles"
12. the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(特に)骨を折ること;骨を折った状熊 / 〈C〉割れ(裂け)目,(鉱物の)破砕面 / 〈足・腕などを〉‘を'骨折する;…‘を'砕く / 骨折する;砕ける
2. 半径 / (行動・活動・能力なのどの)及ぶ範囲《+『of』+『名』》 / 橈骨(とうこつ)(上腕の骨の一つ)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/31 13:04:14」(JST)

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Radius
Position of radius (shown in red).
Right hand, palm down (left) and palm up (right). Radius is #1
Details
Latin	Radius
Identifiers
Gray's	p.219
MeSH	A02.835.232.087.090.700
TA	A02.4.05.001
FMA	23463
Anatomical terms of bone

The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size. It is a long bone, prism-shaped and slightly curved longitudinally. The radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, and with the ulna at two points: the radial notch (lower) and the head (upper part) of the ulna. The corresponding bone in the lower leg is the tibia.

The word radius is Latin for "ray". In the context of the radius bone, a ray can be thought of rotating around an axis line extending diagonally from center of capitulum to the center of distal ulna. While the ulna is the major contributor to the elbow joint, the radius primarily contributes to the wrist joint.

The radius is named so because the radius (bone) acts like the radius (of a circle). It rotates around the ulna and the far end (where it joins to the bones of the hand), known as the styloid process of the radius, is the distance from the ulna (center of the circle) to the edge of the radius (the circle). The ulna acts as the center point to the circle because when the arm is rotated the ulna does not move.

Structure

The long narrow medullary cavity is enclosed in a strong wall of compact bone. It is thickest along the interosseous border and thinnest at the extremities, save over the cup-shaped articular surface (fovea) of the head.

The trabeculae of the spongy tissue are somewhat arched at the upper end and pass upward from the compact layer of the shaft to the fovea capituli (the humerus's cup-shaped articulatory notch); they are crossed by others parallel to the surface of the fovea. The arrangement at the lower end is somewhat similar. It is missing in radial aplasia.

The radius has a body and two extremities. The upper extremity of the radius consists of a somewhat cylindrical head articulating with the ulna and the humerus, a neck, and a double tuberosity. The body of the radius is self-explanatory, and the lower extremity of the radius is roughly quadrilateral in shape, with articular surfaces for the ulna, scaphoid and lunate bones. The distal end of the radius forms two palpable points, radially the styloid process and Lister's tubercle on the ulnar side. Along with the proximal and distal radioulnar articulations, an interosseous membrane originates medially along the length of the body of the radius to attach the radius to the ulna.

Muscle attachments

The biceps muscle inserts on the radial tuberosity of the upper extremity of the bone. The upper third of the body of the bone attaches to the supinator, the flexor digitorum superficialis, and the flexor pollicis longus muscles. The middle third of the body attaches to the extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, extensor primi internodii pollicis, and the pronator teres muscles. The lower quarter of the body attaches to the pronator quadratus muscle and the tendon of the supinator longus.

In other animals

In four-legged animals, the radius is the main load-bearing bone of the lower forelimb. Its structure is similar in most terrestrial tetrapods, but it may be fused with the ulna in some mammals (such as horses) and reduced or modified in animals with flippers or vestigial forelimbs.

Development

Clinical significance

Radial aplasia refers to the congenital absence of the radius.

Fracture

A subtle radial head fracture with associated positive sail sign

Specific fracture types of the radius include:

• Essex-Lopresti fracture - a fracture of the radial head with concomitant dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint with disruption of the interosseous membrane.
• Distal radius fracture
  • Galeazzi fracture - a fracture of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
  • Colles' fracture - a distal fracture of the radius with dorsal (posterior) displacement of the wrist and hand
  • Smith's fracture - a distal fracture of the radius with volar (ventral) displacement of the wrist and hand
  • Barton's fracture - an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint.

Gallery

Position of radius (shown in red).  Shape of radius (left)  Upper extremity  Radius, styloid process - anterior view  Radius, ulnar notch - posterior view  Radius, radial head - posterior view  Radius, radial head - anterior view  Radius l. dx. - ant. view  Radius l. dx. - post. view  Right human radius and ulna - post. view  Human arm bones diagram  Bones of left forearm - ant. view  Bones of left forearm - post. view  Left elbow-joint, showing anterior and ulnar collateral ligaments  The Supinator  Cross-section through middle of forearm  Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna  Radius  Muscles of upper limb. Cross section.  Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.  Wrist joint. Deep dissection.Anterior, palmar, view.  Wrist joint. Deep dissection.Anterior, palmar, view.  Wrist joint. Deep dissection.Anterior, palmar, view.

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location
• Ossification of radius

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• Anatomy of the radius bone, boneandspine.com

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における橈骨遠位端骨折 distal radius fractures in adults
• 2. 小児における前腕遠位部骨折：初期マネージメント distal forearm fractures in children initial management
• 3. 成人における尺骨および橈骨骨幹部骨折 midshaft ulna and radius fractures in adults
• 4. 小児における前腕近位部骨折 proximal fractures of the forearm in children
• 5. 小児における前腕骨遠位端部：診断および評価 distal forearm fractures in children diagnosis and assessment

English Journal

• Effect of vitamin D in fracture healing in a child: case report.

• Parchi P1, Andreani L, Piolanti N, Niccolai F, Cervi V, Lisanti M.
• Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2014 Dec;9(1):170. doi: 10.1007/s11657-013-0170-z. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
• In this report, we describe the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on fracture healing in a young boy with a hypovitaminosis D who had a radius refracture. The radiographic evaluation of the callus formation shows a clear effect of vitamin D on fracture healing in absence of additional
• PMID 24452512

• Assessment of the healing process in distal radius fractures by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

• de Jong JJ1, Willems PC2, Arts JJ2, Bours SG3, Brink PR4, van Geel TA5, Poeze M6, Geusens PP7, van Rietbergen B8, van den Bergh JP9.
• Bone.Bone.2014 Jul;64:65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.03.043. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
• In clinical practice, fracture healing is evaluated by clinical judgment in combination with conventional radiography. Due to limited resolution, radiographs don't provide detailed information regarding the bone micro-architecture and bone strength. Recently, assessment of in vivo bone density, arch
• PMID 24704263

• Bone structure and estimated bone strength in obese patients evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

• Andersen S1, Frederiksen KD, Hansen S, Brixen K, Gram J, Støving RK.
• Calcified tissue international.Calcif Tissue Int.2014 Jul;95(1):19-28. doi: 10.1007/s00223-014-9857-4. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
• Obesity is associated with high bone mineral density (BMD), but whether obesity-related higher bone mass increases bone strength and thereby protect against fractures is uncertain. We estimated effects of obesity on bone microarchitecture and estimated strength in 36 patients (12 males and 24 female
• PMID 24736885

Japanese Journal

• 症例 長母指伸筋腱の骨折部嵌頓を伴った橈骨遠位端骨折の1例

• 整形・災害外科 59(2), 243-245, 2016-02
• NAID 40020732937

• 症例報告 橈尺骨骨折術中の頻脈によりバセドウ病の診断がついた骨粗鬆症の1例

• 臨床整形外科 51(2), 203-207, 2016-02
• NAID 40020730673

• 経験と考察 橈骨遠位端骨折術後患者に対するトラマドール塩酸塩/アセトアミノフェン配合製剤投与の有効性の検討

• 整形外科 = Orthopedic surgery 67(1), 13-15, 2016-01
• NAID 40020699813

Related Links

• Distal Radius Fractures (Broken Wrist)-OrthoInfo - AAOS

The most common cause of a distal radius fracture is a fall onto an outstretched arm. Osteoporosis (a disorder in which bones become very fragile and more likely to break) can make a relatively minor fall result in a broken wrist.

• Distal Radius Fracture 1 - YouTube

Distal Radius Fracture 1, Miami Hand Center, MiamiHandCenter.com ... Automatisk avspilling Når automatisk avspilling er på, blir en foreslått video automatisk spilt av som neste video.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「橈骨骨折」
関連記事	「fracture」

「橈骨骨折」

　　[★]

英

radius fracture, fracture of the radius

関

橈骨遠位端骨折

「fracture」

　　[★]

• n.

• 骨折