WordNet

a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection (同)febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness
intense nervous anticipation; "in a fever of resentment"
highly excited; "a fevered imagination"

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〈U〉《しばしばa fever》(身体の異常な)『熱』,発熱 / 〈U〉『熱病』 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に対する)『興奮』,熱狂《+『for』+『名』》
(比較変化なし)《名詞の前にのみ用いて》熱のある,熱病にかかった / 熱にうかされたような,興奮した / (憎しみなどが)異常に強い
=quintuple　5倍　5倍の量　5倍の　5重の　5つの部分から成る

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/27 19:18:14」(JST)

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Trench fever (also known as "five-day fever", "quintan fever" (febris quintana in Latin), and "urban trench fever"^[1]) is a moderately serious disease transmitted by body lice. It infected armies in Flanders, France, Poland, Galicia, Italy, Salonika, Macedonia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt in World War I^[2]^[3] (three noted sufferers being the authors J.R.R. Tolkien,^[4] A. A. Milne,^[5] and C.S. Lewis^[6]), and the German army in Russia during World War I.^[3] From 1915 to 1918 between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops reported ill had trench fever while about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease.^[2] The disease persists among the homeless.^[7] Outbreaks have been documented, for example, in Seattle^[8] and Baltimore in the United States among injection drug users^[9] and in Marseille, France,^[8] and Burundi.^[10]

Trench fever is also called Wolhynia fever, shin bone fever, Meuse fever, His disease and His–Werner disease (after Wilhelm His, Jr. and Heinrich Werner).

The disease is caused by the bacterium Bartonella quintana (older names: Rochalimea quintana, Rickettsia quintana), found in the stomach walls of the body louse.^[3] Bartonella quintana is closely related to Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch fever and bacillary angiomatosis.

Signs and symptoms

The disease is classically a five-day fever of the relapsing type, rarely exhibiting a continuous course. The incubation period is relatively long, at about two weeks. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden, with high fever, severe headache, pain on moving the eyeballs, soreness of the muscles of the legs and back, and frequently hyperaesthesia of the shins. The initial fever is usually followed in a few days by a single, short rise but there may be many relapses between periods without fever.^[11] The most constant symptom is pain in the legs.^[3] Recovery takes a month or more. Lethal cases are rare, but in a few cases "the persistent fever might lead to heart failure".^[4]^[11] Aftereffects may include neurasthenia, cardiac disturbances and myalgia.^[11]

Pathophysiology

Bartonella quintana is transmitted by contamination of a skin abrasion or louse-bite wound with the faeces of an infected body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). There have also been reports of an infected louse bite passing on the infection.^[3]^[11]

Diagnosis

Serological testing is typically used to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Most serological tests would succeed only after a certain period of time past the symptom onset (usually a week). The differential diagnosis list includes typhus, ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, Lyme disease and virus-caused exanthema (measles or rubella).

Treatment

Tetracycline-group antibiotics (doxycycline, tetracycline) are commonly used. Chloramphenicol is an alternative medication recommended under circumstances that render use of tetracycline derivates undesirable, such as severe liver malfunction, kidney deficiency, in children under nine years and in pregnant women. The drug is administered for seven to ten days.

The treatment for bacillary angiomatosis is erythromycin given for three to four months.^[12]

References

^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1095. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
^ ^a ^b Justina Hamilton Hill (1942). Silent Enemies: The Story of the Diseases of War and Their Control. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Francis Timoney, William Arthur Hagan (1973). Hagan and Bruner's Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals. Cornell University Press.
^ ^a ^b John Garth (2003). Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth. HarperCollins Publishers.
^ Humphrey Carpenter; Mari Prichard (1984). The Oxford companion to children's literature. Oxford University Press. p. 351. ISBN 9780192115829.
^ CS Lewis (1955). Surprised By Joy. Harcourt.
^ Milonakis, Eleftherios, and Michael A. Forgione. "Trench Fever". EMedicine. 26 June 2006. 11 June 2007 <http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2303.htm>.
^ ^a ^b Ohl, M. E.; Spach, D. H. (1 July 2000). "Bartonella quintana and Urban Trench Fever". Clinical Infectious Diseases 31 (1): 131–135. doi:10.1086/313890. PMID 10913410.
^ Comer, James A. (25 November 1996). "Antibodies to Bartonella Species in Inner-city Intravenous Drug Users in Baltimore, Md". Archives of Internal Medicine 156 (21): 2491. doi:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440200111014.
^ Raoult, D; Ndihokubwayo, JB; Tissot-Dupont, H; Roux, V; Faugere, B; Abegbinni, R; Birtles, RJ. "Outbreak of epidemic typhus associated with trench fever in Burundi". The Lancet 352 (9125): 353–358. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)12433-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Edward Rhodes Stitt (1922). The Diagnostics and treatment of tropical diseases. P. Blakiston's Son & Co.
^ Beghari S, Rolain J-M, Grau GE; et al. (2006). "Antiangiogenic effect of erythromycin: an in vitro model of Bartonella quintana infection". J Infect Dis 193 (3): 380–6. doi:10.1086/499276. PMID 16388485.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 周期性発熱症候群およびその他の自己炎症性疾患：概要 periodic fever syndromes and other autoinflammatory diseases an overview
2. 成人における不明熱の病因 etiologies of fever of unknown origin in adults
3. 免疫能の正常な患者における発熱および発疹 fever and rash in the immunocompetent patient
4. 成人における不明熱に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with fever of unknown origin
5. 術後発熱 postoperative fever

English Journal

Bartonella quintana in head louse nits.

Angelakis E, Rolain JM, Raoult D, Brouqui P.SourceFaculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie, Universite de la Mediterranee, URMITE UMR 6236, CNRS-IRD, Marseille, France.
FEMS immunology and medical microbiology.FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol.2011 Jul;62(2):244-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00804.x. Epub 2011 May 5.
The body louse is the principal vector of Bartonella quintana, the causative organism of trench fever, but B. quintana DNA has also been detected in adult head lice. Because there are no characteristics that distinguish the body louse from the head louse, we decided to test head louse nits collected
PMID 21477003

「塹壕熱」

Trench fever
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	A79.0
ICD-9-CM	083.1
DiseasesDB	29814
eMedicine	med/2303
MeSH	D014205

　　[★]

英: trench fever, quintan fever
ラ: febris quintana
同: 五日熱 five-day fever、戦争チフス war typhus、ウォルヒン熱 Wolhynian fever
関: Bartonella quintana

[Bolognia-1] Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1095. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.

[Justina-2] Justina Hamilton Hill (1942). Silent Enemies: The Story of the Diseases of War and Their Control. G. P. Putnam's Sons.

[Hagan-3] Francis Timoney, William Arthur Hagan (1973). Hagan and Bruner's Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals. Cornell University Press.

[Tolkien-4] John Garth (2003). Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth. HarperCollins Publishers.

[5] Humphrey Carpenter; Mari Prichard (1984). The Oxford companion to children's literature. Oxford University Press. p. 351. ISBN 9780192115829.

[CSLewis-6] CS Lewis (1955). Surprised By Joy. Harcourt.

[7] Milonakis, Eleftherios, and Michael A. Forgione. "Trench Fever". EMedicine. 26 June 2006. 11 June 2007 <http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2303.htm>.

[cid-8] Ohl, M. E.; Spach, D. H. (1 July 2000). "Bartonella quintana and Urban Trench Fever". Clinical Infectious Diseases 31 (1): 131–135. doi:10.1086/313890. PMID 10913410.

[9] Comer, James A. (25 November 1996). "Antibodies to Bartonella Species in Inner-city Intravenous Drug Users in Baltimore, Md". Archives of Internal Medicine 156 (21): 2491. doi:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440200111014.

[10] Raoult, D; Ndihokubwayo, JB; Tissot-Dupont, H; Roux, V; Faugere, B; Abegbinni, R; Birtles, RJ. "Outbreak of epidemic typhus associated with trench fever in Burundi". The Lancet 352 (9125): 353–358. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)12433-3.

[Tropical-11] Edward Rhodes Stitt (1922). The Diagnostics and treatment of tropical diseases. P. Blakiston's Son & Co.

[12] Beghari S, Rolain J-M, Grau GE; et al. (2006). "Antiangiogenic effect of erythromycin: an in vitro model of Bartonella quintana infection". J Infect Dis 193 (3): 380–6. doi:10.1086/499276. PMID 16388485.

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案内

案内

quintan fever