視床枕核
WordNet
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/27 23:32:27」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| pulvinar nuclei |
|
Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view. (Pulvinar visible near top.)
|
Thalamic nuclei:
MNG = Midline nuclear group
AN = Anterior nuclear group
MD = Medial dorsal nucleus
VNG = Ventral nuclear group
VA = Ventral anterior nucleus
VL = Ventral lateral nucleus
VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus
VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus
LNG = Lateral nuclear group
PUL = Pulvinar
MTh = Metathalamus
LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus
MG = Medial geniculate nucleus |
| Details |
| Part of |
thalamus |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
nuclei pulvinaris (the nuclei plurally); pulvinar thalami (the set of nuclei singularly) |
| MeSH |
A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485.600 |
| NeuroNames |
hier-311 |
| NeuroLex ID |
Pulvinar |
| TA |
A14.1.08.104
A14.1.08.610 |
| FMA |
62178 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
|
The pulvinar nuclei or nuclei of the pulvinar (nuclei pulvinares) are the nuclei (cell bodies of neurons) located in the thalamus (a part of the vertebrate brain). As a group they make up the collection called the pulvinar of the thalamus (pulvinar thalami), usually just called the pulvinar.
The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei in rodents and carnivores, and stands as an independent complex in primates.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Clinical significance
- 3 Other animals
- 4 Etymology and pronunciation
- 5 References
- 6 Additional images
- 7 External links
Structure
By convention, the pulvinar is divided into four nuclei:
| TA alphanumeric identifier |
TA name |
English translation |
| A14.1.08.611 |
nucleus pulvinaris anterior |
anterior pulvinar nucleus |
| A14.1.08.612 |
nucleus pulvinaris inferior |
inferior pulvinar nucleus |
| A14.1.08.613 |
nucleus pulvinaris lateralis |
lateral pulvinar nucleus |
| A14.1.08.614 |
nucleus pulvinaris medialis |
medial pulvinar nucleus |
Their connectomic details are as follows:
- The lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei have widespread connections with early visual cortical areas.
- The dorsal part of the lateral pulvinar nucleus predominantly has connections with posterior parietal cortex and the dorsal stream cortical areas.
- The medial pulvinar nucleus has widespread connections with cingulate, posterior parietal, premotor and prefrontal cortical areas.[1]
- The pulvinar also has input from the superior colliculus to inferior, lateral and medial sections, which seems to be important in the initiation and compensation of saccade,[2][3] as well as the regulation of visual attention[4][5]
Clinical significance
Lesions of the pulvinar can result in neglect syndromes and attentional deficits.[6]
Other animals
The pulvinar varies in importance in different animals: it is virtually nonexistent in the rat, and grouped as the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex with the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus due to its small size in cats. In humans it makes up roughly 40% of the thalamus making it the largest of its nuclei.[7] Significant research has been undertaken in the marmoset examining the role of the retinorecipient region of the inferior pulvinar (medial subdivision), which projects to visual cortical area MT, in the early development of MT and the dorsal stream, as well as following early-life lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1).[8][9][10]
Etymology and pronunciation
The word pulvinar (English ) comes to scientific English vocabulary via New Latin from classical Latin pulvinus, "cushion". In the religion of ancient Rome, a pulvinar was an empty throne, a cushioned couch for occupation by a deity. Like the cervix uteri is usually just called the cervix (with "which cervix" being implicit), the pulvinar thalami (pulvinar of the thalamus) is usually just called the pulvinar (with "which pulvinar" being implicit); no other anatomic structure in today's Terminologia Anatomica is called a pulvinar,[11] although in older terminology a part of the glomus body was called the pulvinar tunicae internae segmenti arterialis anastomosis arteriovenae glomeriformis. Each pulvinar nucleus (nucleus pulvinaris) has its own set of cortical connections.
References
- ^ Cappe C.; Morel A.; Barone P.; Rouiller E.M. (2009). "The thalamocortical projection systems in primate: an anatomical support for multisensory and sensorimotor interplay". Cerebral Cortex. 19 (9): 2025–2037. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn228.
- ^ Berman R.; Wurtz R. (2011). "Signals conveyed in the pulvinar pathway from superior colliculus to cortical area mt". The Journal of Neuroscience. 31 (2): 373–384. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4738-10.2011.
- ^ Robinson D.; Petersen S. (1985). "Responses of pulvinar neurons to real and self-induced stimulus movement". Brain Research. 338 (2): 392–394. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90176-3.
- ^ Petersen S.; Robinson D.; Morris J. (1987). "Contributions of the pulvinar to visual spatial attention". Neuropsychologia. 25 (1): 97–105. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(87)90046-7.
- ^ Chalupa, L. (1991). Visual function of the pulvinar. The Neural Basis of Visual Function. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 140-159.
- ^ Arend I.; Rafal R.; Ward R. (2008). "Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions". Brain. 131 (8): 2140–2152. doi:10.1093/brain/awn135.
- ^ LaBerge, D. (1999). Attention pp. 44-98. In Cognitive science (Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Second Edition), Bly BM, Rumelhart DE. (edits). Academic Press ISBN 978-0-12-601730-4 p. 73
- ^ Warner CE, Kwan WC, Bourne JA (2012). "The early maturation of visual cortical area MT is dependent on input from the retinorecipient medial portion of the inferior pulvinar". Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (48): 17073–17085. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3269-12.2012. PMID 23197701.
- ^ Warner CE, Goldshmit Y, Bourne JA (2010). "Retinal afferents synapse with relay cells targeting the middle temporal area in the pulvinar and lateral geniculate nuclei". Front Neuroanat. 4: 8. doi:10.3389/neuro.05.008.2010. PMC 2826187. PMID 20179789.
- ^ Warner CE, Kwan WC, Wright D, Johnston LA, Egan GF, Bourne JA (2015). "Preservation of vision by the pulvinar following early-life primary visual cortex lesions". Curr Biol. 25 (4): 424–434. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.028. PMID 25601551.
- ^ Baud, RH; et al., "Latin index of TA98, Terminologia Anatomica version 1998", Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA), hosted by the University of Fribourg (Switzerland)
Additional images
-
-
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
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Dissection of brain-stem. Dorsal view.
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Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.
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Human brain left dissected midsagittal view
External links
- Stained brain slice images which include the "pulvinar" at the BrainMaps project
- Atlas image: eye_38 at the University of Michigan Health System - "The Visual Pathway from Below"
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Anatomy of the diencephalon of the human brain
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| Epithalamus |
| Surface |
- Pineal gland
- Habenula
- Habenular trigone
- Habenular commissure
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| Grey matter |
- Pretectal area
- Habenular nuclei
- Subcommissural organ
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|
|
| Thalamus |
| Surface |
- Stria medullaris of thalamus
- Thalamic reticular nucleus
- Taenia thalami
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Grey matter/
nuclei |
- paired: AN
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Metathalamus
- midline: MD
- Intralaminar
- Midline nuclear group
- Interthalamic adhesion
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| White matter |
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Pallidothalamic tracts
- Ansa lenticularis
- Lenticular fasciculus
- Thalamic fasciculus
- PCML
- Medial lemniscus
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Spinothalamic tract
- Lateral lemniscus
- Dentatothalamic tract
- Acoustic radiation
- Optic radiation
- Subthalamic fasciculus
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
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|
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| Hypothalamus |
| Surface |
- Median eminence/Tuber cinereum
- Mammillary body
- Infundibulum
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| Grey matter |
| Autonomic zones |
- Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
- Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
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| Endocrine |
- posterior pituitary: Paraventricular
- Magnocellular neurosecretory cell
- Parvocellular neurosecretory cell
- Supraoptic
- other: Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
- Preoptic (GnRH)
- Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
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| Emotion |
- Lateral
- Ventromedial
- Dorsomedial
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|
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| White matter |
- afferent
- Medial forebrain bundle
- Retinohypothalamic tract
- efferent
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Stria terminalis
- Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
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| Pituitary |
- Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular
|
|
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| Subthalamus |
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Zona incerta
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Disentangling disorders of consciousness: Insights from diffusion tensor imaging and machine learning.
- Zheng ZS1, Reggente N1, Lutkenhoff E1, Owen AM2, Monti MM1,3.
- Human brain mapping.Hum Brain Mapp.2017 Jan;38(1):431-443. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23370. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
- Previous studies have suggested that disorders of consciousness (DOC) after severe brain injury may result from disconnections of the thalamo-cortical system. However, thalamo-cortical connectivity differences between vegetative state (VS), minimally conscious state minus (MCS-, i.e., low-level beha
- PMID 27622575
- c-FOS expression in the visual system of tree shrews after monocular inactivation.
- Takahata T1,2, Kaas JH2.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2017 Jan 1;525(1):151-165. doi: 10.1002/cne.24053. Epub 2016 Jun 19.
- Tree shrews possess an unusual segregation of ocular inputs to sublayers rather than columns in the primary visual cortex (V1). In this study, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), superior colliculus (SC), pulvinar, and V1 were examined for changes in c-FOS, an immediate-early gene, expression afte
- PMID 27276555
- Glucocorticoid Administration Improves Aberrant Fear-Processing Networks in Spider Phobia.
- Nakataki M1,2, Soravia LM1, Schwab S1, Horn H1, Dierks T1, Strik W1, Wiest R3,4, Heinrichs M5,6, de Quervain DJ7, Federspiel A1, Morishima Y1,8.
- Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.Neuropsychopharmacology.2017 Jan;42(2):485-494. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.207. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
- Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in patients with anxiety disorders. Previous studies have shown that fear-related activation of the amygdala can be mediated through the visual cortical pathway, which includes the fusiform gyrus, or through other pathways. However, it is not clear which of the pat
- PMID 27644128
Japanese Journal
- SLEを背景とし，病態に抗グルタミン酸受容体抗体の関与が示唆された自己免疫疾患関連性辺縁系脳炎の1例
Related Links
- pulvinar [pul-vi´nar] the prominent, cushionlike mass of nuclei that forms the medial portion of the posterior extremity of the thalamus, which partly overhangs the rostral colliculus and its brachium and is separated inferiorly from the ...
- pul·vi·nar nu·cle·i [TA] the large caudal portion of the lateral thalamic nuclear group; may be divided into four nuclei on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections: nucleus pulvinaris anterior [TA] (anterior pulvinar nucleus [TA ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- pulvinar nucleus, pulvinar nuclei
[★]
視床枕外側核、外側視床枕核
- 関
- inferior pulvinar nucleus、pulvinar
[★]
視床枕下核
- 関
- lateral pulvinar nucleus、pulvinar
[★]
視床枕
- (視床の後端部で皮膚知覚・視覚・聴覚の統合に関与)視床枕
- 関
- inferior pulvinar nucleus、lateral pulvinar nucleus
- 同
- 視床枕