WordNet

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure" (同)pressure level, force per unit area
an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal" (同)pressure_sensation
a force that compels; "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"
squeeze like a wedge into a tight space; "I squeezed myself into the corner" (同)squeeze, force
any shape that is triangular in cross section (同)wedge_shape, cuneus
(golf) an iron with considerable loft and a broad sole
something solid that is usable as an inclined plane (shaped like a V) that can be pushed between two things to separate them
a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic
a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body (同)arteria, arterial blood vessel
having been taken in marriage (同)wedded

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『押すこと』,『押しつけること』,圧搾,圧縮;〈C〉〈U〉『圧力』,圧力の強さ / 〈U〉『圧迫』,『強制』 / 〈U〉(不快な)圧迫感 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的な)重荷,苦脳;(時間・金銭的)切迫 / 〈U〉多忙,あわただしさ / 《おもに米》…‘に'圧力をかける,強制する(《英》pressurise)
(特に,木製の)『くさび』 / 『くさび形の物』;くさびのような働きをするもの / (ゴルフの)ウェッジ(頭部がくさび形の短いアイアンクラブ) / …‘に'くさびを打ち込む / (…に)…‘を'無理に押し込んで動けないようにする《+名+in(into)+名》 / (…に)無理に割り込む,押し入る《+into+名》
動脈 / (道路・水路・鉄道などの)勘線,(通信の)主チャンネル
…‘と'結婚する,‘を'妻(夫)にする / 結婚する
肺の;肺を冒す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/05 14:21:19」(JST)

wiki en

Diagram of Pulmonary artery catheter

The pulmonary wedge pressure or PWP, or cross-sectional pressure (also called the pulmonary arterial wedge pressure or PAWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or PCWP, pulmonary venous wedge pressure or PVWP, or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure or PAOP), is the pressure measured by wedging a pulmonary catheter with an inflated balloon into a small pulmonary arterial branch.^[1]

Physiologically, distinctions can be drawn among pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary venous pressure and left atrial pressure, but not all of these can be measured in a clinical context.^[2]

Noninvasive estimation techniques have been proposed.^[3]

Clinical significance

Site		Normal pressure range (in mmHg)^[4]
Central venous pressure		3–8
Right ventricular pressure	systolic	15–30
Right ventricular pressure	diastolic	3–8
Pulmonary artery pressure	systolic	15–30
Pulmonary artery pressure	diastolic	4–12
Pulmonary vein/ Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure		2–15
Left ventricular pressure	systolic	100–140
Left ventricular pressure	diastolic	3-12

Because of the large compliance of the pulmonary circulation^{[citation needed]}, it provides an indirect measure of the left atrial pressure.^[5]

For example, it is considered the gold standard for determining the cause of acute pulmonary edema; this is likely to be present at a PWP of >20mmHg. It has also been used to diagnose severity of left ventricular failure and mitral stenosis,^[6] given that elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure strongly suggests failure of left ventricular output.^[7]

Traditionally, it was believed that pulmonary edema with normal PWP suggested a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (as in opiate poisoning). However, since capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds wedge pressure once the balloon is deflated (to promote a gradient for forward flow), a normal wedge pressure cannot conclusively differentiate between hydrostatic pulmonary edema and ARDS.

Physiological pressure: 6–12 mm Hg.^[8]

References

^ Peacock, Andrew J.; Lewis J. Rubin (2004). Pulmonary Circulation: Diseases and their treatment. Arnold Publisher. ISBN 0-340-80782-2.
^ Chaliki HP, Hurrell DG, Nishimura RA, Reinke RA, Appleton CP (July 2002). "Pulmonary venous pressure: relationship to pulmonary artery, pulmonary wedge, and left atrial pressure in normal, lightly sedated dogs". Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 56 (3): 432–8. doi:10.1002/ccd.10203. PMID 12112902.
^ Uzun M, Erinc K, Kirilmaz A, et al. (November 2004). "A novel method to estimate pulmonary artery wedge pressure using the downslope of the Doppler mitral regurgitant velocity profile". Echocardiography 21 (8): 673–9. doi:10.1111/j.0742-2822.2004.03174.x. PMID 15546367.
^ Table 30-1 in: Trudie A Goers; Washington University School of Medicine Department of Surgery; Klingensmith, Mary E; Li Ern Chen; Sean C Glasgow (2008). The Washington manual of surgery. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7447-0.
^ "Gun Shot Wound Case Study Discussion". Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ "CV Physiology".
^ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th edition. Chapter 38, page 243.
^ "Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure".

External links

-1113980888 at GPnotebook
Overview at cvphysiology.com
Description at virginia.edu
Pulmonary wedge pressure at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 心臓カテーテル検査法：正常な血行動態 cardiac catheterization techniques normal hemodynamics
2. 肺動脈カテーテル法：トレーシングの解釈 pulmonary artery catheterization interpretation of tracings
3. 肺動脈カテーテル法：適応および合併症 pulmonary artery catheterization indications and complications
4. 心不全の病態生理：左心室の圧-容積関係 pathophysiology of heart failure left ventricular pressure volume relationships
5. 心臓カテーテル検査で測定した弁膜疾患の血行動態 hemodynamics of valvular disorders as measured by cardiac catheterization

English Journal

The effects of oxygen induced pulmonary vasoconstriction on bedside measurement of pulmonary gas exchange.

Weinreich UM1, Thomsen LP, Rees SE, Rasmussen BS.
Journal of clinical monitoring and computing.J Clin Monit Comput.2015 May 12. [Epub ahead of print]
In patients with respiratory failure measurements of pulmonary gas exchange are of importance. The bedside automatic lung parameter estimator (ALPE) of pulmonary gas exchange is based on changes in inspired oxygen (FiO2) assuming that these changes do not affect pulmonary circulation. This assumptio
PMID 25962614

Pulmonary congestion at rest and abnormal ventilation during exercise in chronic systolic heart failure.

Malfatto G1, Caravita S2, Giglio A1, Rossi J1, Perego GB1, Facchini M1, Parati G2.
Journal of the American Heart Association.J Am Heart Assoc.2015 May 5;4(5). pii: e001678. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001678.
BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic heart failure, abnormal ventilation at cardiopulmonary testing (expressed by minute ventilation-to-carbon dioxide production, or VE/VCO2 slope, and resting end-tidal CO2 pressure) may derive either from abnormal autonomic or chemoreflex regulation or from lung dy
PMID 25944875

Tissue Doppler-Derived Myocardial Acceleration during Isovolumetric Contraction Predicts Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure in Patients with Significant Mitral Regurgitation.

Omar AM1, Abdel-Rahman MA2, Khorshid H2, Helmy M2, Raslan H3, Rifaie O2.
Ultrasound in medicine & biology.Ultrasound Med Biol.2015 May 2. pii: S0301-5629(15)00270-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.03.031. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of this study was to determine whether isovolumic contraction velocity (IVV) and acceleration (IVA) predict pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in mitral regurgitation. Forty-four patients with mitral regurgitation were studied. PCWP was invasively measured. IVV, IVA and the ratio IVRT
PMID 25944284

Japanese Journal

眼科手術後に心肺停止状態となり，神経原性肺水腫が疑われた一例

伊佐泰樹,原山信也,荒井秀明,長田圭司,新庄貴文,二瓶俊一,相原啓二,蒲地正幸
日本集中治療医学会雑誌 20(2), 243-246, 2013
【はじめに】くも膜下出血，頭部外傷，てんかんなど中枢神経系障害の後に神経原性肺水腫をきたすことが知られているが，脳梗塞が原因とされる報告は少ない。脳梗塞を原因とする神経原性肺水腫と考えられた症例を経験したので報告する。【症例】54歳，女性。緑内障の手術のため入院し，全身麻酔下で濾過手術を施行，術後抜管され病棟へ帰室した。帰室後呼吸苦を訴え心肺停止となり，心肺蘇生を行い18分後に心拍が再開した。胸部 …
NAID 130004514513

２．グアニル酸シクラーゼ刺激薬

福本義弘
臨床薬理 43(5), 311-315, 2012
… Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (pc-PH) is defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure≥25 mmHg and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure>15 mmHg, and is classified into 2 types depending on the status of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) or trans-pulmonary pressure gradient (TPG) : reactive pc-PH with elevated PVR (>2. …
NAID 130004541477

Relation Between Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Heart Failure in DCM Patients

, , , , , , , , , ,
International Heart Journal 53(5), 282-286, 2012
… Moreover, a higher NYHA class and pulmonary artery wedge pressure were associated with a higher plasma CTGF level. …
NAID 130001914163